why was minimalism music created

Humans have evolved to walk and run barefoot 2.) Olivia Derby in her blog The minimalist's guide to productivity suggests that . Influenced by Indian music, his 1968 pieces 1+1 and Two Pages employ additive processes. [36] Parallels include the advent of the simple Baroque continuo style following elaborate Renaissance polyphony and the simple early classical symphony following Bach's monumental advances in Baroque counterpoint. Minimalism is a branch of modern classical music developed in New York in the early 1960s by composers such as Reich, Philip Glass and Terry Riley.Minimalism is a branch of modern classical music developed in New York in the early 1960s by composers such as Reich, Philip Glass and Terry RileyTerry RileyHe befriended composer La Monte Young, whose earliest minimalist compositions using . Inspired by Reichs idea of music as system, the tape delay experiments of Riley, and the melodic sonority of Glass, Eno would create his own ambient music, a conceptual extension of minimalism that placed emphasis on process and the atmospheric nature of sound a drift away from narrative and towards landscape, from performed event to sonic space. Then we discussed four minimalist-music pioneers and their contributions to the style . Two and a half years ago we moved from a modest two bedroom apartment in San Francisco to a big, beautiful house here in Bend. Table of Contents [ Show] Cluster, Klaus Schulze and Tangerine Dream all made synthesizer-based, otherworldly sound-tapestries that would variously influence ambient techno, Hollywood soundtracks and commercial rock. The Minimalists, who believed that Action painting was too personal and insubstantial, adopted the point of view that a work of art should not refer to anything other than itself. This article will provide an explanation of the musical style known as minimalism as well as a brief history of the techniques involved in minimalist composition. That didnt stop them coming up with techniques of radical subtraction equally, if not more, inspired than their American and European contemporaries. [47] Further acknowledgement of Steve Reich's possible influence on electronic dance music came with the release in 1999 of the Reich Remixed[48] tribute album which featured reinterpretations by artists such as DJ Spooky, Mantronik, Ken Ishii, and Coldcut, among others. Photo 2 Courtesy of Creative Commons, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Notes on The Theatre of Eternal Music and, "Gavin Bryars proves less is the new more", "Minimalist Composer Julius Eastman, Dead for 26 Years, Crashes the Canon", "Classical Connections Minimalism meets Pop", Repeating Ourselves: American Minimal Music as Cultural Practice, A Forest from the Seeds of Minimalism: An Essay on Postminimal and Totalist Music, Minimal Music, Maximal Impact: Minimalism's Immediate Legacy: Postminimalism, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Moondog, the Viking of 6th Avenue: The Authorized Biography, "After Sundown: The Beach Boys' Experimental Music", "Digital Discipline: Minimalism in House and Techno", Art and Music Since 1945: Introduction to Minimal Music, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minimal_music&oldid=1115998447. This series of notes is called the Note Row. It has its dangerous aspects. The St. Lawrence String Quartet performs Steve Reichs Different Trains at the 2019 Daniel Pearl World Music Days Concert in Bing Concert Hall. If we had decided to move into a house rather than traveling in an RV, we would have bought into a lower-priced housing market. Steve Reich has suggested that it is attributable to Michael Nyman, a claim two scholars, Jonathan Bernard and Dan Warburton, have also made in writing. Two Pages works with a repeated five-note musical cell to which notes are added at the end and taken away from the beginning creating an austere, pure, minimalist process piece. 2. Minimalism brought repetition, drones, gradual change, and a reduction in complexity into music, along with a permission to be appealing and comprehensible. Minimalism has become a way of life, a philosophy, and an aesthetic. Rainy Mood Source: Rainy Mood. Photo courtesy of Creative Commons. Even his earliest minimalist pieces, like Phrygian Gates (19771978) and Shaker Loops (1978), use minimalist techniques in a richer, less dogmatic, more expressive way than early Reich or Glass, and his emotional palette is far more varied. In 1987 he stated that his compositional output reflected the popular culture of postwar American consumer society because the "elite European-style serial music" was simply not representative of his cultural experience. So, here is the chromatic scale: The Chromatic Scale Nevertheless, there is valuable information here on what is arguably the most significant musical movement of the late 20th century. He is currently the Creative Chair of the LA Phil, and curates its Minimalist Jukebox festival. It includes pieces that set up an unmoving wall of saxophone sound. Reich transferred the sermon to multiple tape loops played in and out of phase, with segments cut and rearranged. He describes "minimalism": The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. The piece continues the process (hence the term process music, which is often used to describe minimalist compositions) until the second player has finally shifted all 12 eighth notes of the pattern and is back in unison with player one. Minimalist music started out as a classical movement, but it's important to note that since the 60s, it's been incorporated into genres of popular music. There is a research study in which UCLA linked a high level of cortisol, the stress hormone, in people with a higher density of household items. It includes pieces made exclusively from recordings of rivers and streams. Germany had a huge role to play in the evolution and dissemination of minimalism, with Can and especially Neu! "You'll fill it up," people warned us. He describes minimalism: The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. "The term 'minimal music' is generally used to describe a style of music that developed in America in the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially connected with the composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass" (Sitsky 2002, 361). Over in Detroit, techno producer Robert Hood was making music that was rigorously simple but not in the least bit ambient. It shouldnt be concealed as part of a fairly different whole.Donald Judd, No to transcendence and spiritual values, heroic scale, anguished decisions, historicizing narrative, valuable artifact, interesting visual experience.Robert Morris, What you see is what you see.Frank Stella. Minimalism has had a profound effect on nearly every aspect of contemporary society. Initially it was looked up as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School and was later recognized as a popular experimental music style. John Adams is often classified as a minimalist composer, and perhaps it's important to define precisely what this term "minimalism" means. His tough, opaquely funky minimal techno sound had been brewing for some time, but it was most famously showcased on the 1994 release Minimal Nation. Some good reasons may include: Minimalism encourages us to focus on more important things By being intentional about what we have and what we choose to keep, minimalism encourages us to place importance on these things and less on mindless clutter - this pertains to physical, mental, and emotional clutter in our lives. The musical style known as minimalism emphasizes repetition, shifting rhythmic patterns, and composition concepts that extend beyond traditional classical music. Terry Riley and his son Gyan Riley performed in the Bing Studio in October 2019. 3. Everything is categorized and (to overuse my favorite expression) Balkanized. A pioneer of American Minimalism in the mid- to late-1960s, composer Steve Reich (born 1936) has been at the forefront of American avant-garde music ever since, and his influence crosses continents and musical boundaries. "A Working Terminology for Minimal Music. A contemporary minimalist, Nico Muhly (left) has long admired the expansive work of Philip Glass (right). In Europe, the music of Louis Andriessen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Michael Nyman, Gavin Bryars, Steve Martland, Henryk Grecki, Arvo Prt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits. Ten reasons why The Minimalists are annoying 1. In The Velvets, Cales avant-garde preoccupations reacted dazzlingly with Lou Reeds streetwise songwriting, resulting in minimalist rock masterpieces like Im Waiting For The Man and I Heard Her Call My Name. The phenomenon of growing consumer content and their pull towards minimalism has been transcended to their preference for minimal content, website and brand material as well. Characterized by simplicity and utility, and equally applicable . Thanks to them, we all now know that musics most enduring pleasures and mysteries occur at the micro, and not just the macro, level. Minimal has now fallen out of fashion as a genre, but as an idea and practice it heartily persists. Why I Created a Minimalist Capsule Wardrobe. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The rise of basic wear, the Marie Kondo movement and the growing need to de-clutter have caused millennials to aggressively adopt the minimalist movement. Phase Music One notable entry on the list: minimalism. MacDonald, Ian. The approach originated in the New York Downtown scene of the 1960s and was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School. Terms like "minimalism" or "impressionism" are generally not coined by composers, but by music critics who are observing general trends in music. They turned for inspiration to the impassive, quiet works of Barnett Newman and Ad Reinhardt, exponents of the colour-field branch of Abstract Expressionist painting. Already in 1965 the art historian Barabara Rose had named La Monte Youngs Dream Music, Morton Feldmans characteristically soft dynamics, and various unnamed composers all, to a greater or lesser degree, indebted to John Cage as examples of minimal art,but did not specifically use the expression minimal music.. In his seminal 1967 piece Piano Phase, Reich began to apply these techniques to instruments. It includes pieces that sustain one basic electronic rumble for a long time. The entire score of his composition 1960 no. The first step in creating a piece of serialism is to choose the "series" of notes. The piece begins with both players clapping a basic rhythm in unison. In fact, you could say minimalism is the classical music of the 21st century! Arvo Prt: Fr Alina (1976) Arvo Prt is an Estonian minimalist composer who invented the 'tintinnabulum' style of music - 'tintinnabuli' meaning 'bell-like'. That is why minimalism art is oriented . This new technology plus minimalist musical ideas created a whole new generation of composers who combined the . Where classical music traditionally focused on the development of motifs and harmony, for example, minimalist music frequently focuses on long-term rhythmic development. Gann, Kyle. The music created in the minimalist period was unlike any music created in previous . They say if your song sounds great with simple accompaniment, you're onto something. In Europe, the music of Louis Andriessen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Michael Nyman, Howard Skempton, liane Radigue, Gavin Bryars, Steve Martland, Henryk Grecki, Arvo Prt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits. In serial music, the series itself is seldom audible. [6][2][7][8][9] The movement originally involved dozens of composers, although only five (Young, Riley, Reich, Glass, and later John Adams) emerged to become publicly associated with American minimal music; other lesser known pioneers included Pauline Oliveros, Phill Niblock, and Richard Maxfield. One player claps the same rhythm for the whole piece, while the other player claps the same pattern, but after a certain number of bars, the second player shifts the pattern by one eighth note to the right. Come the noughties, in the wake of Hood and Basic Channel, not to mention Pan Sonic, Wolfgang Voigt, Jan Jelinek and Pole ,minimal would be the catch-all term for the sound of modern house and techno, with the aptly named M-nus and Kompakt labels leading the way. The real revolution would come later, and would be a whole lot easier on the ears. Subscribe Now This article was most recently revised and updated by Naomi Blumberg. It includes pieces that permit all possible pitches, as long as they fall between C and D. It includes pieces that slow the tempo down to two or three notes per minute.[14]. While some countries have been hit harder than others,. Modern artists have imbibed the mantras of minimalism and have created new ways for this musical philosophy to live on in new and original ways. By the 1980s, Reichs music was no longer purely minimalist, as he began to create large-scale works that had real emotional content. Though often labeled the quintessential minimalist composer, Philip Glass prefers to describe himself as a composer of music with repetitive structures. Like Reich, Glass began experimenting with minimalist techniques in the 1960s. It's open and modern, and aside from giving us ample space to work and play, it actually feels pretty minimalist. Composers such as Glass or Terry . [13] Nyman later expanded his definition of minimal music in his 1974 book Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond. Minimal music (also called minimalism) is a form of art music or other compositional practice that employs limited or minimal musical materials. A quasi-improvisatory piece based on a list of motifs, it works in classic early minimalist fashion with repetition, complete tonal harmony, and an incredibly slow pace of change. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. Minimalism is popular with many people because of the design. At this time, producers like Richie Hawtin and Dan Bell were making comparibly terse and taut tracks, but it was the Berlin-based duo of Moritz Von Oswald and Mark Ernestus, AKA Basic Channel, who took electronic minimalism that little bit deeper inspired by the aesthetics of Jamaican dub they created a propulsive, immersive techno sound-world unlike any that had come before. In music in particular, minimalism was the single most important idea of the last century, the one that made possible virtually all that we now listen to and hold dear, from punk and techno to ambient and grime. Today, let's talk about the impact minimalism has had on 21st-century music and how minimalism continues to make a statement in modern ways. Updates? It uses tonal harmonies, steady pulse (if read more. In Minimalist music, the traditional treatment of form and development was rejected in favour of explorations of timbre and rhythmmusical elements largely unfamiliar to Western listeners. The word "minimal" was perhaps first used in relation to music in 1968 by Michael Nyman, who "deduced a recipe for the successful 'minimal-music' happening from the entertainment presented by Charlotte Moorman and Nam June Paik at the ICA", which included a performance of Springen by Henning Christiansen and a number of unidentified performance-art pieces. In Gann's further analysis, during the 1980s minimalism evolved into less strict, more complex styles such as postminimalism and totalism, breaking out of the strongly framed repetition and stasis of early minimalism, and enriching it with a confluence of other rhythmic and structural influences. Prominent artists associated with this movement are John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Anne Truitt, and . What Im interested in is a compositional process and a sounding music that are one and the same thing.Steve Reich. On the one hand minimalism simplified music, but on the other it enabled an appreciation of its more subtle, atomic-level complexities. Minimal compositions that rely heavily on process techniques that follow strict rules are usually described using the term process music. Why did minimalism come about? The first half of the 20th century had seen classical music back itself into a corner. In trying to break with tradition, serialist composers like Arnold Schoenberg and Pierre Boulez pursued atonality and dissonance. Working as producer and collaborator with Bowie, and later U2, Eno would translate minimalist technique into widescreen pop success. In 1964, Riley's In C made persuasively engaging textures from the layered performance of repeated melodic phrases. Admittedly, that last one doesn't happen overnight. In the UK, ambient house and techno swelled up to meet this demand. In Glass's case, these ensembles comprise organs, windsparticularly saxophonesand vocalists, while Reich's works have more emphasis on mallet and percussion instruments. In a musical context that means that the music is not progressing toward a clear conclusion. Photo by Michael Byun, Ive been called a minimalist composer for more than 30 years, and while Ive never really agreed with the description, Ive gotten used to it.Philip Glass. "Tintinnabulation is an area I sometimes wander into when I . The website is simple and beautiful to explore. Works like Tehillim (1981), which used Hebrew psalm texts, and Different Trains (1988), an artistic reflection on the Holocaust, used minimalist techniques but as part of a richer, more expressive musical vocabulary often called postminimalist. Running is one of the two natural modes of locomotion for humans; the other being walking. Why minimalism increases your productivity. In a civilized society, things dont need to be said more than three times. [42][43][44][45], Philip Sherburne has suggested that noted similarities between minimal forms of electronic dance music and American minimal music could easily be accidental. Many of todays composers, like Caroline Shaw, Nico Muhly, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe, weave minimalist techniques into their music in strikingly individual ways, and minimalism has even made its way into the sacred-style music of European composers like Arvo Prt and John Tavener. Already in 1965 the art historian Barbara Rose had named La Monte Young's Dream Music, Morton Feldman's characteristically soft dynamics, and various unnamed composers "all, to a greater or lesser degree, indebted to John Cage" as examples of "minimal art",[15] but did not specifically use the expression "minimal music". You can focus your time on the things you need and use the extra time that is created on the things you enjoy. -Helps Alter Mood In the 1950s, there's a broad development in complex compositions of academic nature characterized by chance and serialism; electronic music was grounded on mathematical studies. Minimal hard-edge painting is the anonymous construction of a simple object. However, it was through one Brian Eno that the principles and practices behind minimalism would properly, and most lastingly, permeate the pop mainstream. One important aspect of minimal music is that it usually focuses on sound rather than melody or harmony. For Come Out (1966), Reich re-recorded a fragment of Daniel Hamm (of the falsely accused Harlem Six) speaking the words come out to show them on two channels, initially playing them in unison. In Minimalist music, the traditional treatment of form and development was rejected in favour of explorations of timbre and rhythmmusical elements largely unfamiliar to Western listeners. A work for solo piano that lasted around six hours, it demonstrated many features that would come to be associated with minimalism, such as diatonic tonality, phrase repetition, additive process, and duration. Originally, minimalism started as an art movement in the 1960s as a 'protest' to the Action Paintings that became popular in the 50s. Minimal music was created in order to further challenge the norms of music and the precedent that music is only good if it's sweeping, dramatic, and complex. Technically impressive, the resulting work was also incredibly ugly; radical, certainly, but unlistenable. Being a minimalist means you value yourself more than material thingsand this is key to understanding why minimalism is a better way of life. [47], 22 Strickland, Edward, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2001). "Minimalism in music has been defined as an aesthetic, a style, and a technique, each of which has been a suitable description of the term at certain points in the development of minimal music. Its fascinating now to consider how the rip-it-up-and-start-again philosophy ushered in by punk chimed with the minimalist strategies of the American avant-garde. These are works for small instrumental ensembles, of which the composers were often members. Minimalism is not going to stop, he said, Because its a direct reflection of the way the world is going. In Minimalist visual arts, the personal, gestural elements were stripped away in order to reveal the objective, purely visual elements of painting and sculpture. But minimalism in fashion is much more than a use of single color or a trend of simplicity. Instead, there are only brief melodic segments, thrusting the organization, combination, and individual characteristics of short, repetitive rhythmic patterns into the foreground.[27]. Musically, it could easily be considered the common musical language of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Most of Adams's works are written for more traditional European classical music instrumentation, including full orchestra, string quartet, and solo piano. [16] Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Gavin Bryars, Michael Nyman, Michael Parsons, Howard Skempton, Dave Smith, and John White. Minimalism emerged in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were self-consciously renouncing recent art they thought had become stale and academic. As you'll discover as you read, the minimalist aesthetic has diverse meanings for different composers. The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glasss case), andRichard Serra, Bruce Nauman, and the filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reichs case). Minimalism arose later in the 20th century as a reaction to the complexity, structure, and perception of twelve-tone serialism as it developed at the hands of Schoenberg's disciples. Fr Alina makes minimal use of the notes of the piano to portray an evocative and sublime moment of calm. Everything nonessential was removed until often all that was left was simple geometric shapes in repetitive patterns without any kind of decoration, simple forms that could easily be grasped by the viewer. Minimalism emerged in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were self-consciously renouncing recent art they thought had become stale and academic. The downtown art scene of the late 1950s and 60s was a lively and open-minded one; as Reich once said, painters, dancers, filmmakers and writers were all swimming in the same soup. Start Here; Popular; Archives; . Minimalist music is an originally American genre of experimental or Downtown music named in the 1960s. The desire for minimalism was only to have less financial stress in starting up a new career. The world's most popular logos . [5] In the Western art music tradition, the American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach. The first flash of punk, with its three-chord imperative, was a kind of minimalism, but it wasnt until the post-punk years that Britains guitar-slinging youth grasped the idea of closely detailed listening and minimalism proper. "Minimalism: T (1992)". It was a direct rejection of the 19th centurys idea of Darwinian progress that had been at the core of modernism. By the end of Johann Sebastian Bach's lifetime, Baroque music had become so complex that it literally broke down and ushered in the Classical era of music with its well structured forms. Here are a few reasons as to why Minimalism is a positive philosophy: Minimalism can help you save money If you're a minimalist, you won't spend as much money as you did in clutter. The work is scored for any group of instruments and/or voices. Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Michael Nyman, Howard Skempton, John White, Dave Smith and John Lewis, Michael Parsons. Dub was minimalism in action: it was all about space, and the interaction of small sonic elements, with tracks reduced to their essence of drums and seismic bass, and additional sounds looped and phased and echoed around them ad infinitum. But the impact of minimalism has gone far beyond the arts. Steve Reich has suggested that it is attributable to Michael Nyman, an assertion that two scholars, Jonathan Bernard, and Dan Warburton, have also made in writing. Maximalism is particularly popular among younger generations, particularly millennials, who were eager to incorporate plants, eclectic colors, and other accessories into their spaces, Cook adds. I try to live my life with that sort of minimalist mentality.Nathan Phillips, actor. "Weariness and Slackening in the Miserably Proliferating Field of Posts. But it was over on the west coast of America that inspiration first struck. To be clear, here are thirteen reasons why I don't believe in them. Minimalism was pioneered by a group of American composers, Michael Nyman and Tom Johnson. The Orbs 1990 hit Little Fluffy Clouds sampled Steve Reichs Electric Counterpoint, highlighting the consonance between the minimalism of then and the electronic head music of the present day. [25], According to Richard E. Rodda, "'Minimalist' music is based upon the repetition of slowly changing common chords [chords that are diatonic to more than one key, or else triads, either just major, or major and minorsee: common tone] in steady rhythms, often overlaid with a lyrical melody in long, arching phrases[It] utilizes repetitive melodic patterns, consonant harmonies, motoric rhythms, and a deliberate striving for aural beauty. Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian-American composer who created new methods of musical composition involving atonality, namely serialism and the 12-tone row. In fact, in terms of productivity minimalism is solely focused on quality over quantity. A wave of new influences and rediscovered styles led younger artists to question conventional boundaries between various media. The early compositions of Glass and Reich are somewhat austere, with little embellishment on the principal theme. The word minimal was perhaps first used in relation to music in 1968 by Michael Nyman, who deduced a recipe for the successful minimal-music happening from the entertainment presented by Charlotte Moorman and Nam June Paik at the ICA, which included a performance of Springen by Henning Christiansen and a number of unidentified performance-art pieces. No minimalist piece uses all of these, but on the other it an. Every effort has been termed phase music and Musicians ( 2001 ) the. 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