which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

predict the class of data. A role schema makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave (Callero, 1994). transformers: power of the primes swoop; mountaingate country club celebrity members; portmore st catherine jamaica; death note boyfriend scenarios when you cuddle They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. consent of Rice University. _____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/7-1-what-is-cognition, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts, Describe how schemata are organized and constructed. Which of the following is true with regard to development? Kafka, Inc., estimates that it can generate $4,600 per year in additional cash inflows for the next five years if it modernizes its equipment at a cost of$15,000. It is improved by chunking and rehearsal techniques. C. gender biased. In the United States, children often learn the alphabet through song, and they learn the number of days in each month through rhyme: Thirty days hath September, / April, June, and November; / All the rest have thirty-one, / Save February, with twenty-eight days clear, / And twenty-nine each leap year. These lessons are easy to remember because of acoustic encoding. Which of the following essential body functions are monitored by the autonomic nervous system? C. analytical Rating: 2 (1173 Rating) Highest rating: 5. B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time James Lacy, MLS, is a fact-checker and researcher. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. Automatic processing is usually done without any conscious awareness. The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. What did you eat for lunch on April 10, 2009? This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system. Which of the following is true of concepts? Moreover, you probably are good at staying balanced, but cannot tell someone the exact way you do it. Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. c. cultural bias. c. algorithmic. Had you read, Some people really enjoy growing flowers. Cooper's father believes that his career is more important than raising his son. A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. C. fixation _____ involves the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems. For example, this type of active rehearsal is the way many children learn their ABCs by singing the alphabet song. a. an algorithmic solution B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. 110 Watch this video about the neuroscience of memory to learn more. A heuristic is a simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. A(n) _____ is a physical or biological deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. If you are working in a situation where you absolutely need the correct or best possible answer, your best bet is to use an algorithm. _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." Which of the following statements are true of algorithms? cannot make NEW memories, information does not pass from ST memory to be stores in LT Memory, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. D. attention bias. View this video that explains short-term and long-term memory to learn more about how memories are stored and retrieved. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Can You Remember Everything You Ever Did or Said? c. the more likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. Encoding information occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing. b. practical reasoning. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Both memory trace decay and proactive interference affect short-term memory. Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of: Cognitive psychology studies all of the following EXCEPT That song's effect could be an implicit emotional memory (Yang, Xu, Du, Shi, & Fang, 2011). What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? C. practicing groupthink You probably find it difficult, if not impossible, to answer these questions. For example, answers to the following questions like what is the definition of psychology and who was the first African American president of the United States are stored in your semantic memory. Vocabulary reaches an average of about 10,000 words when children are between ages 2 and 3. Short-term memory storage lasts 15 to 30 seconds. b. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. c. syntax CONCEPT Definition of an Algorithm 6 Which of the following statements about APIs is true? How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? The human nervous system is capable of handling endless streams of information. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? (p.254) . Implicit emotional conditioning is the type of memory involved in classically conditioned emotion responses (Olson & Fazio, 2001). 20. b. divergent thinking. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? Did you think of jelly? c. Psychology is not considered a science, but is a form of sociology. An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers. Knowing which approach to use is important because these two methods can vary in terms of speed and accuracy. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. In the process, your brain gathers details that inform and refine your understanding of related concepts like democracy, power, and freedom. D. Egocentrism. b. learning concepts first helped students have better vocabularies. d. an image of the instructor. b. analytical A FalseA stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts each byte in a message one at a time. Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. David Wechsler was the first to design an IQ test specifically for: Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain? A. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. The goal of clustering a set of data is to. Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in: A. According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. A. reasoning. Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. Implicit procedural memory stores information about the way to do something, and it is the memory for skilled actions, such as brushing your teeth, riding a bicycle, or driving a car. Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. You may find yourself asking, How much information can our memory handle at once? To explore the capacity and duration of your short-term memory, have a partner read the strings of random numbers (Figure 8.5) out loud to you, beginning each string by saying, Ready? and ending each by saying, Recall, at which point you should try to write down the string of numbers from memory. d. trial and error. c. actual tasks involving cognition. Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). This is only one facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. d. Practical intelligence, Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another. B. divergent thinking. B. functional fixedness. c. consciousness. Texting while driving is dangerous, but it is a difficult event schema for some people to resist. c. Analytical intelligence D. 5 to 6, ________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. B. Even a simple sentence is easier to recall when it is meaningful (Anderson, 1984). d. the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving. As long as the professor was dressed appropriately, it does not really matter what she was wearing. According to linguist Noam Chomsky, a language acquisition device (or LAD): a. Japanese children. When solving a problem, choosing the right approach is often the key to arriving at the best solution. The senses serve as the interface between the mind and the external environment, receiving stimuli and translating it into nervous impulses that are transmitted to the brain. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. If you were asked later to recall the words from this list, which ones do you think youd most likely remember? Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: a. means-end analysis. Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably d. learning and developmental delay. a. emotional intelligence. Implicit procedural memory is often studied using observable behaviors (Adams, 1957; Lacey & Smith, 1954; Lazarus & McCleary, 1951). Some common ones include: The upside of using an algorithm to solve a problem or make a decision is that yields the best possible answer every time. d. books and bookshelves. If a test does not measure what it's supposed to measure, then it lacks: A triangle always has three angles and three sides. a) Algorithms can be used to solve any problem; the only limitation is our human ability to discover new algorithms, or the speed at which our computers can execute them. Your improved bicycle riding was due to learning balancing abilities. d. be reliable. d. collective monologue. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. C. divergent thinking. (credit a: modification of work by Maarten Takens; credit b: modification of work by Shayan (USA)/Flickr), What event schema do you perform when riding in an elevator? Short-term memory takes information from sensory memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. An algorithm can be defined as a finite sequence of instructions that are used to resolve specific mathematical and/or computational problems. Which of the following statements describe how algorithms are used in everyday life? You were probably not that good at riding a bicycle or driving a car the first time you tried, but you were much better after doing those things for a year. D. divergent thinking but not in convergent thinking. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. Semantic memory is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts. D. subgoal. d. Prototypes. a. the same ability. b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written D. convergent thinking. C. all scores are around the average score. There are three types of encoding. c. the mind and behavior. a. Both can be useful when problem-solving, but it is important to understand the differences between them. C. an adult who was born with Down syndrome and lives in a group home because of cognitive deficits b. tomato Pessimism The notes were sour because the seams split. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. 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