eli cohen children

He set up a travel agency in Tel Aviv and developed ties with the upper echelons of Israeli society, including politicians. Nadia was told that Eli was working for the ministry of defense and would be completely safe. [29] Mossad director Yossi Cohen presented it to Cohen's family in a ceremony, and it is currently on display at Mossad headquarters. Look after them, raise them up and educate them well, and don't deprive them or yourself of anythingDo what you must, don't deprive the children of a father. They had three childrenSophie, Irit, and Shaiand the family settled in Bat Yam. References ^ Eli Cohen Knesset ^ Eli Cohen Ministry of Economy and Industry ^ Kulanu list Central Elections Committee The condom was used as a timing tool for mixed chemicals and produce a minor burst of fire. I give you my blessing. They had three children, Sophie, Irit, and Shai. It, however, did not change the situation. Today, one can see the former Syrian bunkers that remain on the Golan Heights from 1967 (as well as the tanks from 1973). Cohens contacts, nurtured through a string of lavish dinner parties, social occasions, and friendships with those in high places, led to invitations to visit Damascus and to set up a business venture there. "My darling Nadia, and my dear family,I am writing you these last words, minutes before my end, with the hope that you stay together forever.I beg my wife to forgive me, to take care of herself and our children. Another tutor trained him to speak Arabic. Eli Cohen was now a member of the inner circle of power. In exchange for his freedom, he agreed to work for Egypt's intelligence service. "I want to ask wasn't Eli worth the price? The six-part drama about Israeli spy Eli Cohen has gripped viewers and critics alike with its pulse-racing tale of espionage and a deceptively good dramatic performance by Sacha Baron Cohen, better known for his comedy work, as the Mossad agent. Recruitment into the Mossad. Israeli spy who was captured and executed in Syria, that enabled them to destroy the equipment prepared for the task, "Israel's Secret Operation to Recover the Watch of a Legendary Spy", "Rumors fly that body of legendary Israeli spy Eli Cohen was found", "Eli Cohen, notre agent "top secret" Damas", "Mossad's master of deception: the astounding true story of Israeli super-spy Eli Cohen", Widow of Israeli spy Eli Cohen: Netflix drama 'raises my blood pressure', "Unending agony for legendary spy Eli Cohen and his widow", "Israel's secret war against Hitler's scientists", "The History of Elie Cohen: An Egyptian Jew who became Israel's greatest spy", "Will Israel's superspy finally rest in peace? Diplomats, prime ministers, parliamentarians, and Pope Paul VI tried to intercede. Meanwhile, every few days he transmitted important information to his Israeli handlers via a radio transmitter he had hidden in his room. So now we have a request. "There was great excitement because it is essentially the only item of dad that came back, we have nothing. If you've already watched all of The Spy and are curious to know more about Cohen, then these accounts of the real-life Cohen might make for curious reading. Thus, he wished to terminate his assignment in Syria. The Ba'athist coup and Eli Cohen's role. In February 2007, a Turkish official assured assistance to Eli's family to get back his body. As the Syrian Army officer explained to Eli the fortifications the Syrian Army had built, Eli suggested that the Syrians plant trees there to deceive the Israelis into thinking it was unfortified, as well as to provide shade and beauty for the soldiers stationed there. Its unfamiliar to me, this form of expression in a global television series. On 18 May 1965, Eli cohen was woken by the jailer and fastened the noose, and hang up, the huge poster was fastened on his chest where his sentence was written in Arabic. Eli Cohen was born in Egypt in 1924 to Jewish parents, who had migrated to Alexandria from Syria. . However, running a double agent is considered to be one of the most complex missions in intelligence work. Revealed: The Plan to Expand the Israeli Knesset by More Than Double, Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. All Rights Reserved. He reminded me of my father sometimes, she added. Again, I. By 1960, however, Israeli Intelligence was ready to take another look at Eli Cohen. Eli did go back to Syria, but his behavior changed. Born Country:- Iraq Wife/Husband/Ex:- Eli Cohen (m. 1959-1965) Children:- Irit Cohen, Shai Cohen, Sophie Cohen Nadia Cohen is the widow of Israeli spy Eli Cohen, who spied in Syria by posing as a wealthy merchant during the early 1960s before being caught and hanged to death publicly. Text messages sent from an NZSIS agent called "Carl" appear to show him brokering a deal. I hope, pray, that he will be returned home by the time I die," Nadia told Haaretz in 2010. From the creation of Israel through, the present day, Syria has been one, if not the most, implacable of Israels enemies. In the 1987 TV movie 'The Impossible Spy,' Michal Bat-Adam portrayed Nadia, while in the 2019 'Netflix' series 'The Spy,' Hadar Ratzon-Rotem played her, with Sacha Baron Cohen as Eli. His work bored him and he attempted to join the Mossad, but he was offended when the Mossad rejected him, and he resigned from military counter-intelligence. Speaking to Cohen's brother, and to Israeli and Syrian intelligence experts, Sputnik has pieced together a new look at the superspy's incredible life story. Israel desperately tried to have his sentence commuted, and despite requests from world leaders and Pope Paul VI for clemency, Cohen was hanged publicly in May of that year. Still Ben-Dor, who was four years old when her father was killed, said she was pleasantly surprised by actor Cohens portrayal. I had gotten under his cover," said Maurice Cohen. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/eli-cohen-16869.php. Eli Cohen was the man for the job. Cohen's widow, Nadia, said that following the report she appealed directly to Mossad chief Yossi Cohen, demanding answers as to why the deal did not go through. your father and uncle opened a textile store, but it went bankrupt your father died in 1956 and six months later your mother died too. A devout Jew, Cohen wore tefillin during prayer, in his youth he planned of becoming a Rabbi with the backup of Moise Ventura (1893-1978), Chief Rabbi of Alexandria but the Rabbinical School closed down. Eli Cohenhad succeeded in friending a Saudi entrepreneur who had been contracted to plan and dig canals, the name was his friend was bin Laden, little Osama's father. In 1967, the Israelis were able to conquer the Golan Heights in two days in part due to the intelligence he provided. Melita Norwood | longest-serving British spy | Melita Norwood Book, Death, Family, Daughter | melita norwood images. [16][17] Mossad had carefully planned the tactics that he was to use in building relationships with high-ranking Syrian politicians, military officials, influential public figures, and the diplomatic community. Eli Cohen was born in Alexandria, Egypt, on December 26, 1924. Cohen was then informed that Mossad had decided to recruit him and underwent an intensive six-month course at the Mossad training school. If indeed Biton was a double agent - and Israeli intelligence prides itself on the quality of his work - then it is difficult to believe that he exposed Cohen. "The Spy" depicts Egyptian-born Cohen - played by Sacha Baron Cohen - as an ambitious, Arabic-speaking immigrant to Israel who is recruited by Mossad and, overcoming his fears and the strains on his family, infiltrates the Damascus high command by posing as a rich scion of the Syrian diaspora. He has reached the apex of success, and it seems that there is no door he can't open. She was told he would be completely safe, and she believed that until his capture in 1965. The Arabs would have none of it and decided to divert the sources of the Jordan River which originated in Arab-held territory. In this way, the Arabs hoped to deprive Israel of the waters she would need for her national growth. I am writing you these last words, minutes before my end, with the hope that you stay together forever. As depicted in Episodes 4 and 5 of The Spy, Cohen aligns with Hafiz and the Ba'ath political party to overthrow the reigning government of Syria in March 1963. The complete trust Cohen enjoyed among his unwitting informants is illustrated by the following incident, which might have serious consequences for the Israeli agents. The Golan is not only important for its military significance. He wrote a last letter to his wife before he mounted the scaffold to a seething crowd. He genuinely fit into life in the Syrian capital, and he was never suspected of being a spy until almost the very end. He arrived in Israel on February 8, 1957. Cohen would pretend to be drunk to encourage such conversations, to which he paid close attention. He sent intelligence to Israel by radio, secret letters, and occasionally in person; he secretly traveled to Israel three times. But he spent most of his time in Tel Aviv perfecting his cover and being briefed on Amans requirements of him in Syria, as well as last-minute intelligence data needed for his mission. His success in effectively penetrating the Syrian social and political/diplomatic/military strata already wildly exceeded Amans expectations of him, Cohen arrived in Damascus in February 1962, posing as a businessman from Argentina who had returned to his native land. After three months, Eli spoke passable Spanish, knew Buenos Aires well, dressed, and behaved like thousands of Arab immigrants living in Buenos Aires. You're not alone. If I wanted something, I called, they put me through to him immediately. "This cooperation brings significant benefits to New Zealand's national security, we help them (Mossad), and they help us," they added. In 1949, his parents and three brothers moved to Israel while Eli remained in Egypt to coordinate Jewish and Zionist activities there. How is it that you dare allow a stranger to read a classified document? he angrily asked Saif. they let him see fortification and the bunkers, weapon concentrated in the area, and their offensive plans.l lieutenant Zaher Al-Din took Eli to the El Hama military camp, where large quantities of new weapons had been stored. I beg you my dear Nadia do not spend your life weeping for what has passed. The Israeli government and Cohens widow have for many years sought the return of Elis body. One of his friends found a new job as an accountant, month later he Marty with Nadia, a nurse of Iraqi origin. Look after them, raise them up and educate them well, and don't deprive them or yourself of anything. For a while, Cohen tried his hand at civilian life. He became far less careful in his transmissions to Israel, sometimes calling once or even twice a day and almost always at the same time, at 8:30 in the morning. Cohen wrote in his final letter on 15 May 1965:[7]. Warning: This article contains spoilers for all six episodes of The Spy. According to Scheffeldt, al-Gamal wrote in his memoirs of his friendship with Marcelle Ninio, who was sentenced to four years in prison for her role in the Jewish Underground, and also about Eli Cohen. Israel attacked the project serval time later they abandon the project in 1965. In August 2008, Assad's former bureau chief, Monthir Maosily, revealed that Eli had been buried thrice and that Israel would never receive his body. He is best known for his espionage work in 196165 in Syria, where he developed close relationships with the Syrian political and military hierarchy.[1][2][3]. Since Eli did not have a steady job back then, even though he worked as an accountant, he had to rely more on Nadia to help support the family and their marriage. The president was ousted from power a year later in 1966. tabet sends it to Argentina, where his friend dispatches them to Israel with a diplomatic pouch. Eli's handlers were continually persuading him to return. In 1963, new Ramdas replaced Meir Amit for a few months in charge of both a man and Mossad. Its waters flow into the Sea of Galilee (the Kinneret) and south to the Dead Sea. In January 1965, Syrian security services broke into Eli's apartment, where he was caught while he was escaping to Israel. In 1963, during a business trip to Germany, he met Weltrude Scheffeldt, a divorcee, then 22 and with a small child, and married her. For the next two years, he worked as a filing clerk in a Tel Aviv insurance office. One of them was Colonel Amin al-Hafaz, a supporter of the secular-leftist Baath party. Al-Gamal, for his part, adopted the Jewish identity of Jacques Biton and immigrated to Israel from France on the orders of Egyptian intelligence. He lasted until just July that year when he resigned in protest of the Ba'ath military committee executing dissenting rivals who tried to stage a coup for power. He returned home to his family only a few times during his mission. - From Eli Cohen's last letter to his wife Nadia and his children, written an hour before his execution in Damascus. By registering you agree to the terms and conditions. [8], Israel's secret police recruited a sabotage unit of Jewish Egyptian citizens in 1955 which attempted to undermine Egypt's relationships with western powers in the "Lavon Affair". Cohen's astonishing undercover career lasted for four years. The information he had been providing them for years was too good to forego. The actor and comedian Sacha Baron Cohen has a . As a young adult, he worked within Egypt to secretly assist other Egyptian Jews in emigrating to Israel. Elis larger-than-life persona has attracted many filmmakers, who have then used his story for their projects. Cohen was born and raised in Egypt and was expelled to Israel in 1956. Despite this, however, Israeli intelligence asked him to return to Syria one more time. She understood from him that he would be working for the Ministry of Defense, but she didnt know where or in what capacity. The Spy, a six-part Netflix miniseries about Cohen's life, showcases the legendary Mossad agent's relationship with his wife, Nadia (Hadar Ratzon Rotem). On August 31, 1959, he married a beautiful Iraqi-born Jew, Nadia Majald. In the fifties, Israel had launched a project of huge pipeline and canals that would carry a part of the jorden river water to the arid Negev region. [4], Cohen provided an extensive amount and wide range of intelligence data for the Israeli Army between 1961 and 1965. In 2019, Netflix created the seriesThe SpystarringSacha Baron Cohen to tell his story. One of the ministrys directors entered the room unannounced. As Intelligence Chief Meir Amit said, Eli succeeded far beyond the capabilities of most other men.. Nadia wishes to be buried beside Elis grave. later he handed with Syrian passport in name of kamal Amin tabet, he advised to open a bank account in that name and start visiting Arab restaurants, the cinema where Arab movies are shown, and political club. Israel could be the target of an aggressive attack by a larger, better Egyptian army that wanted to avenge its shameful defect in the Israel Independence War. In December 1956, the Jewish Agency assisted Eli to deport to Israel in a vessel. While working as an intelligence officer offer him a job with high pay, Eli didn't say no and become a secret agent. The Syrians and their Russian advisers were alarmed by the intelligence that was seeping out of the country. "Sophie's. It is for these reasons Eli Cohen is known as Israels greatest spy. This version contradicts that of Israel's secret service. [22], It is claimed that the intelligence that Cohen gathered before his arrest was an important factor in Israel's success in the Six-Day War,[23] although some intelligence experts have argued that the information he provided about the Golan Heights fortifications was also readily available from ground and aerial reconnaissance. Out of fear of being caught, Eli expressed his wish to visit Israel in November 1964, to pass on information and also witness the birth of his third child. The TV film 'The Impossible Spy' (1987) chronicled Eli's life. they made great efforts to locate the secret transmission to Israel with help of Soviet-made equipment, in January 1965 they got success. Fortunately, several were easy to spot, for they . The goal was to gather intelligence from high-ranking Syrian politicians and military officials. Eli, after all, was born in an Arab country, had oriental features, was known to be selfless and fearless in pursuit of a cause, and had knowledge of Arabic, English, and French. Al-Hafidh then sent his bank details, but the deal went cold. He was interrogated and tortured. They observed a period of radio silence, in the hope that any illegal transmissions could be identified. But he refused). Unlike other news outlets, we havent put up a paywall. One day in 1960 Israeli Intelligence approached him about working for them again. Eliyahu (Eli) Cohen, an Egyptian Jew, was born in Alexandria in 1924. In 1954, Egyptian authorities arrested Eli for being a terror suspect. The text messages between Khalid and the NZSIS. [9], In 1959, he married Nadia Majald, born circa 1935,[10] an Iraqi-Jewish immigrant and the sister of author Sami Michael. As we saw, the Syrians continually harassed Israels northern settlements from 1948-67. They warned me not to discuss the issue with Eli anymore and to share his secret with no one.". He was convicted in a trial without a defense and sentenced to death. The Spy sees a friendship blossoming between Eli Cohen and Amin al-Hafiz, the future president of Syria, that begins as Cohen first goes undercover as Thaabet in Buenos Aires and mutually benefits them both for yearsright through to Cohen's discovery as an Israeli spy and subsequent execution. In February 2007, the Turkish government offered to act as a mediator for their return. He also requested her to remarry so that their children would have a father and she would have a partner. For 19 years, Jewish settlements in the north were under constant threat of Syrian guns. Nadia, however, never remarried. Spy Eli Cohen Wife Love Story, American History Has Been Whitewashed, But, Black Teen Girls On TV Are A Mess Finally. children: Irit Cohen, Shai Cohen, Sophie Cohen, place of death: Al Marjeh Square, Damascus, Syria, See the events in life of Eli Cohen in Chronological Order, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubQ6b-9OewI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ9cUmvkgmg. Syrian security services led by Suidani broke into Cohen's apartment on 24 January and caught him in the middle of a transmission to Israel. "It was all for good intentions. That is, until Meir Dagan took over as chief. After a few months, Eli was visited by George Salem Seif, a radio show host in charge of radio Damascus broadcast for Syrian abord. Syria has not even disclosed the location of Eli's grave. These skills were instrumental in ensuring the safety and survival of one Kamal Amin Taabet: Eli Cohens new identity. One of the most difficult tasks for Eli Cohen was to learn the intricate and unmistakable phonetic tune of Syrian Arabic; prior to his intelligence training, his Egyptian accent was undeniable. His trainer was an Iraqi-born Jew who had extensive experience training operatives in speaking Arabic and the traditions and Muslim customs. He wasnt even drafted into regular service but was placed in a reserve Israeli Air Force formation as a logistics clerk. Perhaps he wasnt allowed into the security service due to his Military Intelligence evaluation some years before. He worked as an accountant and translator. Nine months later, in late 1961, Eli came back to Israel for a visit with his wife Nadia. But changes were taking place in the Syrian Government that alarmed Eli. Eli's first instructor Yitzhak learned to memorize things, he throws a dozen objects on the table and Eli observe them for a second and described them. In 1960, he was recruited to join the Mossad for a special mission in which he was to pretend to be a Syrian businessman returning to the country after having lived in Argentina. The Kinneret supplies Israel with most of its water needs. She smiles. Eli Cohen was an Egyptian-born Israeli spy best known for his espionage work in the 1960s in Syria, where it was alleged he developed close relationships with the Syrian political and military hierarchy and became the chief adviser to the country's defense minister. He was also allowed to write a final letter to his wife. He says the spies wanted him to try and talk to his father's close friends or provide insight. He had seventeen lovers in Syria, all dazzling beauties with a fair degree of family power. Eli hoped as did Israeli Intelligence that these women would help him escape in time of crisis.. This is adefinitive andfinal verdict. Eli had lost his friends, in 1957 he immigrates to Israel. Israel has had a quiet northern border on the Golan with the exception of some occasional fallout from the Syrian civil war for more than 40years. In the 1970s, they left Israel for Germany and in 1982, al-Gamal, alias Jacques Biton, died of an illness. What is perhaps most amazing about Eli Cohen is that he was genuinely liked even loved by so many of the top Syrian leaders. The unit bombed unoccupied American and British installations, expecting that this would be considered the work of Egyptians. Foreign Minister Eli Cohen heads to Germany Tuesday as part of Israel's campaign to halt Iran's . After several days, Eli got a new identity as. children: Irit Cohen, Shai Cohen, Sophie Cohen Born Country: Egypt Spies Israeli Men Died on: May 18, 1965 place of death: Al Marjeh Square, Damascus, Syria Notable Alumni: Cairo Farouk University Cause of Death: Executed By Hanging City: Alexandria, Egypt More Facts Recommended Lists: Israeli Celebrities Male Spies Israeli Spies Capricorn Men They successfully detected radio transmissions and were able to triangulate the transmitter. He ultimately complied. Eli Cohen, at 29, offered his services to the Israeli Intelligence Services but was rebuked twice. Incorrect password. Likud MK Eli Cohen Federation of Local Authorities conference in Tel Aviv, December 8, 2022. She once called her children and four grandchildren to her home in Herzliya, clicked a photo of them together, and sent it to Assad, congratulating him on the birth of his son, Bashar. Eli could watch the entrance to the Syrian government officials' guest house. The Golan Heights defenses were top-secret and closed only to top military staff. Concentrate on yourself, looking forward for a better future! With time he was taken even more into the confidence of the highest echelons of power. It says this "does not imply any special relationship or endorsement". Cohen went undercover in Syria as Kamel Amin Thaabet in the early 1960s, aligned himself with key military and government personnel and fed intel back to Israel. Maurice Cohen told his brother he had a new phone line installed in his house and "gave the number of his apartment in Damascus, which I had received in a message just before he'd come home.". On the day of his execution, his last wish to see a rabbi was respected by the prison authorities, and Nissim Indibo, the elderly Chief Rabbi of Syria, accompanied him in the truck. "Concentrate on yourself; look forward to a better future!". Do you rely on The Times of Israel for accurate and insightful news on Israel and the Jewish world? Cohen was convicted of espionage. It was after Atassi resigned on July 27 that Hafiz was named president. They had a son, Daniel, and after the Six Day War they celebrated his bar mitzvah at the Western Wall in Jerusalem. The Spy is streaming globally on Netflix. become close friends. I give you my blessing. In January 1947, he was enlisted in the Egyptian army as an alternative to paying the mandatory sum that all young Jews had to pay. [12][20][21] Cohen was able to find out that the Syrians planned to divert the Jordan River headwaters in an attempt to deprive Israel of water resources, providing information to Israeli forces that enabled them to destroy the equipment prepared for the task. World leaders, wealthy individuals, the Israeli government, the pope, and others all intervened on his behalf. Still, the memory of those domestic joys sustains Cohen while hes away. He was taught high-speed evasive driving techniques, Weapons proficiency (especially with a wide variety of small arms), topography, map reading, sabotage, and, most importantly, radio transmissions and cryptography. [24], Following the 1963 Syrian coup d'tat, newly appointed Syrian Intelligence Colonel Ahmed Suidani disliked Cohen and did not trust figures close to the Second Syrian Republic. [12], He was then given a false identity as a Syrian businessman who was returning to the country after living in Argentina. Earlier communication between the alleged son and the intelligence agency reveals Al-Hafidh was adamant on receiving the money. This material may not be republished without the permission of the copyright owner. Israels defense planners urgently needed reliable intelligence on the scope of the water diversion project engineering plans, diagrams, maps, and other data and up-to-the-minute assessments of Soviet influence in the Syrian capital, as well as detailed information on plans for the modernization, equipping, and retraining of Syrian forces. Eli Cohen was the man for the job. Eli found out about Syria's secret plan to attack the Israeli defense forces. [4] His father had moved there from Aleppo in 1914. Were they not interested? Given their history of a paper trail, its fitting but heartbreaking to learn that their final exchange also took place over written correspondence. For two weeks Cohen was put under surveillance and was judged suitable for recruitment and training. [15], Cohen moved to Damascus in February 1962 under the alias Kamel Amin Thaabet (Arabic: ). I understand and respect [it], she said in a separate interview earlier Sunday with the network. Eli Cohen, Israels most famous spy, also happened to be a hopeless romantic. Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Chief of Staff Mordechai Gur, Defense Minister Ezer Weizmann, and many Mossad officials attended Eli's son's bar mitzvah in 1977. One day they took Eli to visit the Syrian positions along Israel's border. [2], A 2018 article published in Newsweek by Ronen Bergman excerpted from Bergman's book Rise and Kill First, says that Eli Cohen located Alois Brunner, a Nazi scientist suspected of living in Syria, and relayed the information to an Israel intelligence unit that later sent letter bombs to Brunner. Eli Cohenbecame certain that Israel had spied in the Syrian government. He continued his social life, spending a lot of time in cafes listening to political gossip. Intelligence created a completely new identity for him. This coincided with the continuance of Palestinian terrorist infiltrators arriving from the Syrian border, along with a continual flow of Soviet technical assistance to Syria. Thats why we started the Times of Israel ten years ago - to provide discerning readers like you with must-read coverage of Israel and the Jewish world. They married in 1959, a month after meeting, and had three children together. After weeks of surveillance, he was finalized and was put to training. The crime of obtaining secret information is kept hidden to ensure the safety of the country to benefit the enemy. Spouse/Ex-: Eli Cohen (m. 1959-1965) children: Irit Cohen, Shai Cohen, Sophie Cohen Born Country: Iraq Family Members Iraqi Female Life with Eli Nadia (born Nadia Majald) is an Iraqi Jew who got married to Eli on August 31, 1959. "- From Eli Cohen's last letter to his wife Nadia and his children, written an hour before his execution in Damascus. Eli Cohen was born in Alexandria, Egypt, and moved to Israel in 1957. In The Spy, based on the true story of Israeli agent Eli Cohen, comic actor Sacha Baron Cohen takes on a serious role, playing the title character. He was promised support in any venture he might wish to undertake, and the generous sums of cash which he appeared to possess appealed to the unscrupulous who thought he could provide grease to their financial ambitions, as well as patriotic Syrians who hoped for an infusion of foreign capital into the Syrian state. Still, Israeli Intelligence asked him to return to Syria one more time. Cohen was born in 1924 in Alexandria, Egypt to a devout Mizrahi Jewish and Zionist family. Syria brought hydraulic engineers and diversion equipment to actualize the scheme. I beg you my dear Nadia do not spend your life weeping for what has passed. Cohen accepted the calling. The Spy, which was released Friday, tells the story of Cohen, who spied for Israel in Syria during the 1960s, providing valuable intelligence that was said to have greatly assisted the Israeli military in the 1967 Six Day War. Ben-Dor was pessimistic that Israel would soon be able to retrieve her fathers body from Syria. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, Cohen publicly hanged in the Marjeh Square, The Pedagogic Center, The Department for Jewish Zionist Education, The Jewish Agency for Israel, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise.

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