accounting treatment of surrender of shares

(Accounting).cdr(N Topic 9pany_reconstruction_a141 Surrender of shares means the return of shares by the shareholder to the company for cancellation. Key Takeaways. Plagiarism Prevention 5. Content Guidelines 2. Again, a clarification is needed here : A qualified business is one that has been actively conducted throughout the five-year period ending on the date of the distribution, and was not acquired within such five-year period in a transaction in which gain or loss was recognized in whole or in part. Generally, a Company adopts the second remedy. My client trades as a limited company from leasehold premises. Report a Violation 11. Restricted stock is a grant of company shares made directly to you. If the transaction is deemed a sale, the seller/borrower (the "transferor") will derecognize the . Prohibited Content 3. Therefore, after the forfeiture of shares, the calls-in-arrears are not recoverable. (3) On forfeiture of shares which were issued at a discount and if the Discount on Shares Account had already been debited, such discount should be cancelled by crediting the Discount on Share Account. Right shares can only be issued after two years of the formation of the country or after one year of the first issue of the shares whichever is earlier, as per the Section 81 of Indian Companies Act. The same entries (as are passed in case of forfeiture of shares) will be passed in case of surrender of shares. This website uses cookies and third party services. Therefore, after the forfeiture of shares, the calls-in-arrears are not recoverable. Presentation on Accounting Treatment of Share Capital (Forfeiture and Surrender), Assistant Professor in Commerce at Pt. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. Illustration 2 (Forfeiture of Shares Issued at Premium): A Company forfeits 100 shares of Rs. 401k forfeiture journal entry Holder in this case voluntarily abandons all his shares in favour of the company. 07/03/2022 . Shares, which are liable to be forfeited on account of default in the payment of calls, may be surrendered by the holder if he so desires. Ms. Komal Mahajan Illustration 5 (Forfeiture of Shares Issued at Premium): A Ltd. had its issued capital comprising 20,000 equity shares of Rs. Presented By: What is group relief? But, fully paid shares can be surrendered without leave of the court provided the surrender does be surrendered without leave of the court provided the surrender does not involve the reduction of capital i.e., in exchange for other shares of the same nominal value. 1. He now wishes to return these shares as he is no longer involved in the company. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. The sacrifice is ` 90 and the entry will be (1) The surrender by Shareholder C of Shareholder Cs Shares in cancellation of the Note owed by such shareholder to Corporation will be tested as a redemption under 302.1 Since Shareholder C will surrender all of Shareholder Cs Corporation Shares in the transaction, Shareholder C will be entitled to treat the redemption as a complete Emmis also considered whether these shares were subject to any derivative accounting. It is a short cut to the long procedure of forfeiture of shares. Plan Participant Dies at End of Year One With $1,000,000 of Death Benefit Cash $902,385 Surrender of shares has no separate accounting treatment but it will be like that of forfeiture if shares. 2. 2. Every surrender of shares whether fully paid-up or not, involves a reduction of capital which is unlawful except when sanctioned by the court. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. All the share money received except from Arun, holding 300 shares, who paid only application and except from Balram, holding 100 shares, who paid upto allotment. The company invites its shareholders to a rights issues of 1 share for every 5 shares for $10 per share. Surrender of Shares at nominal value. The existing shareholders have their right to subscribe to these shares unless some special rights reserve them for some other persons. When Did Queen Victoria Reign, Validity:Forfeiture is valid only fornon-payment of callsmoney. This may be done either with or without extinguishing or reducing liability on any of its shares. Content Guidelines 2. (ii) Credit Share Forfeited A/c. 21st May 2021 . (1) If the premium amount has already been received on the shares, it should remain intact; no entry is to be passed, on forfeiture, in respect of securities premium. Enable registration in settings - general, Why GTA San Andreas is Still One of the Most Popular Games Today, Atomy Business Tips and Tricks: How to Succeed in Atomy E-commerce, Is Having A Friends With Benefits Relationship Actually Sustainable In Todays Time? A member validly surrendering his shares to the company can nevertheless be held liable as a list B contributory in the event of winding up of the company within twelve months of his surrender of shares. Computer and Network Services. In the current economic climate, with both debt and equity markets in turmoil, global M&A activity has fallen off . accounting treatment of surrender of shares Accounting record for surrender of shares is the same as that of forfeiture. The amount received on surrender over and above the written down value The same entries (as are passed in case of forfeiture of Surrender of shares means the return of shares by the shareholder to the company for cancellation. Method of Accounting Valuation of ESOP under IGAAP. 302(e)(2), the distribution is attributable to the corporations ceasing to conduct a qualified business,but only if, immediately after such distribution, the corporation is actively engaged in the conduct of at least one other qualified business. (Enter only one word. AccountingNotes.net. Please always try and reference everything you do. The accounting treatment of the repurchase of shares involves recording treasury stock in the financial statements. The following conditions must be satisfied for the valid forfeiture of shares: 1. Stock Options should not be included in the shares outstanding till the employees have exercised their right to obtain shares or stock options, after fulfilling the requisite vesting conditions. The number considered redeemed, for purposes of determining the shareholders gain or loss, is a number that bears the same ratio to a shareholders total holdings, as the amount distributed bears to the value of the corporations stock immediately before the distribution. Shares which have been validly surrendered can be reissued in the same way as forfeited shares. Forfeiture of shares issued at Par When shares issued at par are forfeited the accounting treatment will be as follows: (i) Debit Share Capital Account with amount called up (whether received or not) per share up to the time of forfeiture. Chapter 20, Taxation of Corporate Reorganizations - 4 - A. 3 on allotment, Rs. Topic 11 Liabilities of Banker and Dishonor of Negotiable Instruments like Hundis etc. It represents a contra equity account in the balance sheet. There a corporation sold one of its numerous qualified businesses and sought to distribute the net sales proceeds (after taxes and expenseswhich it had committed, for safekeeping, to a segregated accountto its shareholders in a distribution that would qualify for partial liquidation status. PRESENTATION ON JOURNAL Travco urgently needed new capital as a result of financial difficulties it encountered. To be sure, in contrast to the IRS refusal to rule that a genuine contraction has occurred absent a 20 percent reduction in the above business attributes, the size of the business (terminated) has been ruled to be irrelevant. The amount payable as: Rs. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Mr. Seth, the holder of 1,000 shares did not pay the amount due on call and his shares were forfeited by the Company. (2) However, in some cases, when a call is made, Securities Premium Account is credited and when the call is not received in cash, then it is necessary to debit the Securities Premium Account. When a third-party buys a partnership interest, the buyer generally assumes the selling partner's share of indebtedness of the partnership, and thus, is added on to the sale price. 2023 Owlgen India. A capital transaction exists when a taxpayer sells or exchanges for consideration a capital asset. The power to forfeit shares must be expressly given in Articles of Association of the Company. Thus, stock options and restricted stock are both equity awards. In securities, abandonment is the permitted withdrawal from a forward contract that is made for the purchase . The right shares are usually issued in the ratio of the equity shares held by the existing shareholders. We recommend that the bank establish subsidiary accounts for each policy. 10 each issued at Rs. A person whose shares have been forfeited ceases to be a member in respect of the forfeited shares. Shares forfeited account balance will be shown on the liabilities side of the Balance Sheet till such time that all shares are reissued. Right shares are the shares that are issued by a company for its existing shareholders. Tax Law Design and Drafting (volume 2; International Monetary Fund: 1998; Victor Thuronyi, ed.) It is a short cut to the long procedure of forfeiture of shares. It offers only a temporary solution to any management problem but not a permanent solution to it. All the share money was received except from John, holding 300 shares, who paid only application and except from Harry, holding 100 shares, who paid up to the allotment. That means the recipients need only report income (which will, invariably, be classified as capital gains) to the extent the amount distributed exceeds the basis of the shares surrendered. The Finks owned 72.5% of the outstanding shares. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU) MBA NOTES, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University BBA Notes, E-Business & Computerized Accounting Bangalore University B.com Notes, Economic environment: economic system and economic policies, Elements of Cost Accounting BU BBA 3rd Semester NEP Notes, Employee and Customers role in Service Delivery, Enterprise Resource Planning And E-Commerce, Entrepreneurial Opportunity Search and Identification, Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, entrepreneurship development notes free download, ER-Model: Design of an ER Database Schema, Essential Properties of the Operating System, Ethical and legal issues in sales and distribution Management, Ethical issues in Context of International Business, Ethics and Social Responsibility of Business, Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Digital Strategies, Evolution of industrial Relations in INDIA, External Determinants of Consumer Behavior, Facilitation of Transfer with Focus on Organization Intervention, Factor Affecting Entrepreneurship Growth Economic and Non Economic Factor, Factors affecting online consumer behaviour, Financial Accounting Bangalore University BBA Notes, Financial Decision Making Osmania University B.com Notes, Financial Decision Making-2 Osmania University b.com Notes, Financial Institutions and Market b.com notes, Financial Institutions and Markets BMS Notes, Financial Institutions and Regulatory Bodies Bangalore University BBA Notes, Financial Management BU BBA 4th Semester NEP Notes, financial management free notes download ipu, financial management ipu bba notes download, Financial Management Osmania University B.com Notes, Forecasting Different Techniques of Production Forecast, Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investment, Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates, Format of Business Plan with Practical Example, Fundamentals of Business Analytics Osmania University b.com Notes, Future of International Business and other emerging Concepts, Future of Marketing Gamification and Apps, General Corporate Policy of Materials Management, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCE, goods and services tax free notes download, Grievance Function in IR: Grievance Settlement Procedure, Growing Importance of Services Sector in India, Guidelines of Companies Act Relating to CEO Compensation, he Employee Provident fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952, Historical Evolution Of Operations Management, How Digital Marketing is Adding Value to Business, HR5.5 Performance Management Bangalore University B.com Notes, HR5.6 Strategic Human Resource Management Bangalore University B.com Notes, HR6.5 Labour Welfare and Social security Bangalore University B.com Notes, HR6.6 International Human Resource Management Bangalore University B.com Notes, HRM in Global Perspective Mumbai University BMS Notes, Human Resource Accounting & Audit BMS Notes, human resource management books free download, Imperfect Competition and International Trade, Implementation and Evaluation of Training Programme, Implementing Performance Appraisal Process, Income Tax Osmania University B.com Notes, Indian Ethos in Management Mumbai University BMS Notes, Indian Financial System BU BBA 4th Semester NEP Notes, Indian Financial System Osmania University b.com Notes, Industrial Democracy & Participative Management, Industrial Relations and Technological Change, Industrial Relations Mumbai University BMS Notes, Influence of Culture and Subculture Social Class, Influences on organizational buying behavior, Information Search Pattern and marketing strategy, information systems management free notes download, Information Technology in Sales Management, Innovative Financial Services Mumbai University BMS Notes, Integrated internet Marketing Communications (IIMC), Integrated Marketing Communication BMS Notes, International Business Contract Legal Provisions, international business management free notes download, International Finance Mumbai University BMS Notes, International Financial Reporting-2 Osmania University b.com Notes, International Financial ReportingOsmania University b.com Notes, International forces in Business Environment, International Labor Organization (ILO) - Objective, International Market Segmentation and Positioning, International Marketing Orientation: EPRG Approach, International Negotiations and Cross-Culture Communication, International Tax & Regulation Osmania University B.com Notes, Introduction to Industrial Policy Resolutions, Introduction to Macro Components: Demographic, Introduction to the Concept of: Alfred Adler, Introduction to the Concept of: Carl Jung, Introduction to the Concept of: Raymond Cattell, Introduction to the Concept of: Sigmund Fraud, Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management CSJMU NEP BBA Notes, Investment Management Osmania University b.com Notes, Issues in transfer of Technology to Developing Countries, KMBFM01 Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management, KMBHR02 Performance and Reward Management, KMBHR03 Employee Relations and Labor Laws, KMBHR04 Strategic Human Resource Management, KMBHR05 International Human Resource Management, KMBIB04 International Trade Laws KMBIB05 Cross Cultural Management, KMBMK02 Consumer Behavior & Marketing Communications, KMBN101 Management Concepts and Organizational Behaviour, KMBN201 Business Environment and Legal Aspects of Business, KMBN207 Digital Marketing & e-Commerce Notes, KMBN302 Innovation and Entrepreneurship AKTU MBA Notes, KMBN401 Emerging Technologies in Global Business Environment, KMBNFM01 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, KMBNFM02 Financial Planning and Tax Management, KMBNFM04 Foreign Exchange and Risk Management, KMBNFM05 Financial and Credit Risk Analytics, KMBNHR02 Employee Relations and Labour Laws, KMBNHR04 Performance and Reward Management, KMBNIB01 International Business Management, KMBNIT01 Data Analytics for Business Decisions, KMBNIT02 AI and ML for business AKTU MBA Notes, KMBNIT05 Business Data Warehousing & Data Mining, KMBNMK01 Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Communication, KMBNMK04 Sales and Retail Management AKTU MBA Notes, KMBNOM01 Supply Chain & Logistics Management, KMBNOM05 Management of Manufacturing System, KMBOM05 Management of Manufacturing System, KMBOP01 Supply Chain & Logistics Management, Legal Framework for International Business: Code and Common Laws and their implications to Business, Legal Framework for International Business: Nature and Complexities, LIFE and NON-LIFE Insurance companies in India, Location And Layout of Stores Store System And Procedures (Receipt, Main Recommendations of INDIAN Labor Commission, Management & Cost Accounting CSJMU NEP BBA Notes, Management Accounting BU BBA 4th Semester NEP Notes, Management Accounting for Decision Making and Control, management accounting notes free download, Management of Manufacturing System free notes download, Management Process & Organizational Behaviour, Managing Content in a Digital Age Content Planning and Writing, manufacturing management free books download, Marketing Applications in Hospitality Services, Marketing Communication CSJMU NEP BBA Notes, marketing management kotler books free download, Marketing Theory and Practices CSJMU NEP BBA Notes, Meaning and Concept of Integrated Materials Management, Meaning and Objective of Production Planning & Control, Mergers Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring, Modern Marketing Bangalore University BBA Notes, Motivation and Evaluation of intermediaries, MS222 Managing Organizational Development, MS224 Leadership and Teamwork in Blended Organizations, MS225 Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management, MS230 Advanced Business Analytics & Predictive Modelling, MS235 Compensation and Performance Management, MS236 Business Intelligence and Applications, MS239 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, MS240 WTO and Intellectual Property Rights, MS242 International Human Resource & Cross Cultural Management, MS247 International Business Environment and Strategy, MS248 Advanced Business Analytics & Predictive Modelling, MS259 Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Multinational Company and their Economic impact, NARENDRA MODI INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Natural and Technological Environment- Innovation, Negotiable Instruments (NI) Act 1881: Endorsement, Negotiable Instruments (NI) Act 1881: Meaning and Essential Features, Negotiable Instruments (NI) Act 1881: Negotiable Instruments Features, Negotiable Instruments (NI) Act 1881: Presentment of NI, Negotiating Strategies with International Customers, NEGOTIATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AKTU MBA NOTES, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Objective and Measurement of interactive Marketing Communication, Objectives of Business- Economic & Social, ompetition Act 2002: Regulation of Combinations, Online Campaign Management; Using Marketing Analytic Tools To Segment, Organisational Behavior CSJMU NEP BBA Notes, Organizational Buying situations & buying processes, Organizational Structure of Materials Management Department, Overview of Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, Overview of search engine optimization (SEO), Overview of Strategic for Performance Management, Perceptual Positioning & Perceptual Mapping, Performance Management & Career Planning Mumbai University BMS Notes, Performance Management and Strategic Planning, Performance Management Process - Conceptual Model, Performance Management Vs. The Directors may accept a surrender of shares only, Distinction between Forfeiture of Shares and Surrender of Shares. In this article we will discuss about the accounting provisions relating to forfeiture of shares, explained with the help of suitable illustrations. The formalities with regard to forfeiture are then unnecessary and the shares are deemed to have been forfeited and can-celled without the detailed procedure otherwise required to the purpose. The number of shares considered redeemed, the IRS said, is determined in accordance with the principles set forth in Rev. Prohibited Content 3. Stock appreciation rights that are settled in stock are also equity awards. One coping strategy: increase your teams output. Accounting Entries for Issue of Shares at Premium | India | Company, Accounting Treatment for Reissue of Forfeited Shares | Accounting, Difference between Shares and Debentures | Company | Accounting. A business may pay a provider of goods or services with stock warrants. The major life insurance policy types which include a cash surrender value are . sandy beach trailer park vernon, bc; evan fournier college; mortgage lien holder no longer in business; Blog Post Title February 26, 2018. The Company does not refund such amount to defaulting shareholders. Watch our on-demand webinar to hear our analysis of the top strategic moves for CFOs for 2023. Surrender is a short cut to forfeiture. The notice must provide the shareholder with a minimum of 14 days to make the payment due, or his shares will be forfeited. Surrender of Shares means the surrender of the Company 's Common Stock that (a) either (i) have been owned by Purchaser for more than six (6) months and have been paid for within the meaning of SEC Rule 144; or (ii) were obtained by Participant in the open public market; and (b) are clear of all liens, claims, encumbrances or . Disclaimer 8. Ensure that the redeemable preference shares are fully paid. ), The distribution, to qualify as a distribution in partial liquidation, must be in redemption of stock. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. In the event of forfeiture of shares, the shareholders loses the rights and interests of being a shareholder and ceases to be a . Witness LTR 200229005. Pet Competitions Uk 2021, Terms of Service 7. This is a "sell to cover" exercise, where you sell only enough shares to cover the option costs, fees (fees, if any) and applicable taxes. PublishYourArticles.net is home of thousands of articles published by users like YOU. Rul 77-376. If they sold 30 shares for $700 to pay your taxes, then that $700 (or most of it) would also be included in Box 2, Federal Taxes Withheld of Form W-2 (some portion may be in Boxes 4 and 6 for your SS and Medicare Tax).. The change in cash surrender value during the period is recognized as income (other noninterest income) for the period. A mere refusal to take up newly issued shares, to which a shareholder is entitled to, is not a surrender of shares. Before publishing your Articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Content Filtration 6. Holder in this case voluntarily abandons all his shares in favour of the company. 302(b)(4) were met via a deemed surrender of the shareholders stock. Journal Entries on Forfeiture (or Surrender) and Reissue of Shares 3. Shares are said to be surrendered when they are voluntarily given up. Allowing for the original acquisition cost of the freehold of each flat (1,000), ManCo will have realised a gain of 59,000 in respect of each flat - a total of 295,000 (less any other allowable costs). accounting treatment of surrender of shares. The professors suggested that the redemption requirement could be satisfied, on a cost-efficient basis, through the declaration of a 100 stock dividend that was followed by the adoption of a plan of partial liquidation and a distribution of the net sales proceeds in redemption of the stock dividend previously declared. At the end of the fifth year, the basis of the policy is $42,500, and the investment in the contract is $50,000. A person ceases to be a member of the company on a valid surrender of shares. Forfeiture means taking away the right as a penalty for making default. A mere refusal to take up newly issued shares, to which a shareholder is entitled to, is not a surrender of shares. The remaining debtors were realised at 60% of the book value. Securities Premium not received on the issue of shares will be cancelled by debiting the Securities Premium account with the forfeiture entry. The accounting entry for right share issue is same as the accounting entry for normal share issues but with a lower price. 3 on 1st call and Rs. What is Company According to Companies Act, 2013? There is no provision in Table A of the Companies Act regarding surrender of shares and a company cannot possibly accept the surrender of fully paid up shares as it amounts to purchase of its own shares which is prohibited under Section 77. Rul. Shares once forfeited become the property of the company and may be sold on such terms as directors think fit. The first step in applying the new rules is to determine whether an award is an "equity" award or a "liability" award. It is in thenature of a penaltyimposed by the company on a defaulting share.holder. Again, Securities Premium Account will be debited only if the amount of premium remained unpaid. An actual surrender was ruled to be a meaningless gesture because, in conjunction with the distribution, the terms of the options were duly adjusted to eliminate the dilutive effect caused by distributing assets in a partial liquidation without an actual redemption of shares. 5 per share. As a shareholder, you may want to transfer or sell shares at some point. The balance in the Share Forfeiture A/c is shown under the Share Capital on the liabilities side of the balance sheet. (The shares to which such dividend was attributable would never be issued). A person whose shares have been forfeited ceases to be a member in respect of the forfeited shares. Content Guidelines 2. Applications of Advanced Chromatographic Techniques ( LC-MS ,GC-MS ,UPLC, OPL create a annotated bibliography My Nursing Experts.docx, Create a board or PowerPoint presentation of important learning resources.docx, Create a company and give me a brief overview of.docx, Create a detailed outline of the current and new accounting.docx, Create a chart to compare and contrast the major legislative.docx, Create a descriptive statistics table and histogram for selected.docx, Create a comprehensive mission statement for the and discuss how.docx, Create a brief scenario of a crisis that could potentially.docx, Create a detailed work plan that lays out concrete action.docx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Forfeiture means cancellation of the shares and to that extent, the share capital stands reduced. The cash surrender value of a life insurance policy is an asset a company can control, so it should be recorded on its balance sheet. Holder in this case voluntarily abandons all his shares in favour of the company. A share issued at a price lower than its face value or nominal value is called the issue of share at a discount. Nature of Act:Surrender is a voluntaryact on the part of theshareholder. Copyright 10. As a result, it can now be concluded that when the holder of rights (affecting the stock) is made whole, the IRSto its great creditis now willing to rule that the redemption requirement, ingrained in Sec. 11 per share. Under the circumstances which would justify forfeiture of shares, i.e., non-payment of sum due in respect of shares which are not fully paid or. The stock was sold for 84,000. 1,00,000. A mere refusal to take up newly issued shares, to which a shareholder is entitled to, is not a surrender of shares. The Articles of Association of almost every Company reserve the right of forfeiture of the shares for non-payment of call money within a stated period. In this case, the amount reported as ordinary income and capital gain is the same as in Example 2 for a disqualifying disposition, but there are some differences. One member of the group can surrender these losses to another member of the group, which can deduct the loss from its total profits, thus reducing the amount . 7 Legal Tips You Need To Know. accounting treatment of surrender of shares. (a) Preference Share Final Call A/c Dr To Preference Share Capital A/c . with the amount received up to the time of forfeiture. The issue before the Special Bench was that shares had happened for all shareholders. The main point of difference between the two is that surrender is at the initiative of the shareholders while forfeiture is at the initiative of the Company. The corporation, however, had issued options (to a single employee) to acquire its stock. If a shareholder has not paid any call on the day fixed for payment thereof and fails to pay it even after his attention is drawn to it by the secretary by registered notice, the Board of Directors pass a resolution to the effect that such shares be forfeited. Surrender of shares means voluntary return of shares by a member to the company. A notice must be sent to shareholder, giving him at least 14 days time to pay the amount due. The primary reason is that counsel needs to determine whether the transaction will be structured as a sale of membership interests from the departing member ("Departing Member") to a remaining member, or a redemption (or "liquidation distribution") of Departing Member's interest by the LLC. The name of such defaulted person will be struck off from the Register of Members. Posted on June 11, 2022 by . The distribution technique involved with right shares is more scientific. ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing addresses the transfers of financial assets and provides the applicable guidance. You can read the details below. Report a Violation 10. Depending on the answers to the above items, there could be a double stock basis benefit for life insurance owned by an S corporation. Environmental science subject notes is there, update kro bhai update krlo """'Madhabi Puri Buch"" hai ab chairmen sebi ki. In fact, the Internal Revenue Service will only rule that a genuine contraction has taken place when, (1) the distribution reduces the corporations gross revenues, net fair market value of assets, and employees by no less than 20 percent; or (2) under a safe harbor, found in Sec.

Doors To Fit An Archway, What Is Descriptive Research Design According To Authors 2020, Articles A