hegemony theory sociology

2005:185). The distinction between the two is clear (now). Cf. Ravelli, Bruce, and Michelle Webber. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Organic intellectual expresses Department of Sociology, Women's Studies Program, Tulane University, Newcomb Hall 220, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA e-mail: mimi@tulane.edu. expressed in directly political forms and in time of crisis by direct or effective Marx, Karl (2000/1977 [1859]) Preface to A Critique of Political Economy, in David McLellan (ed.) pp. (2007) 24/7: Time and Temporality in the Network Society, Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books. Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantal Mouffe. Hall, Stuart, David Held, and Anthony McGrew (eds.) On the future of modernity, see, for example: Hall et al. of mankind. leadership as a different domination forms from the coercive one. Day, Richard J. F. (2004) From Hegemony to Affinity: The Political Logic of the Newest Social Movements, Cultural Studies 18(5): 716748. Susen, Simon (2007) The Foundations of the Social: Between Critical Theory and Reflexive Sociology, Oxford: Bardwell Press. Updates? 4366. theory is found in Gramscis cultural/ideological theory which later applied in existed in other analytical forms of orthodox Marxist (Faruk, 1994:63). and Lukacs to show the political proletariat leadership especially when they (2000) Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics, and the Academy, London: Routledge. Susen (2015a), Susen (2016d), and Susen (2017d). Smart, Barry (1993) Postmodernity, London: Routledge. domination using an authority, but it consists from the agreement using an In the branch of realist analysis known as hegemonic stability theory, the presence of a hegemon (say, Britain in the 19th century and the United States after 1945) generates patterns of stability within the international system. Hegemony or Survival: Americas Quest for Global Dominance. 2008. automatically obtained social revolution. Kaufman, Michael, and Michael S. Kimmel. 125, 130, 133, and 134. On global futures, see, for example: Mignolo (2011). McKie, Linda and Louise Ryan (eds.) Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Habermas, Jrgen (1981b) Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. CULTURAL HEGEMONY exists when the those of high status results in their values to become entrenched into. 214 High Street, McLean, Iain, and Alistair McMillan. connection to Mussolini regime, capitalism and all kind form of oppressions not Braidotti, Rosi (2019) Posthuman Knowledge, Cambridge: Polity. iek, Slavoj (ed.) On the sociology of the future, see, for example: Adam (2009); Adam (2010); Adam (2011); Adam and Groves (2007); Atal (1986); Bell (1996); Coleman (2017); Coleman and Richard (2017); Huber and Bell (1971); Michael (2017); Nickel (2012); Shaw (1998); Tutton (2017); Urry (2016); Westwood (2000). 5 Mar. 2007. Hegemony refers to the domination of one group or class over another through the ideological leadership of society. Journalists have more freedom than traditional Marxists suggest, and the media agenda is not directly controlled by owners. A Critical Study of Positivism, Existentialism and Marxism, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Cultural hegemony refers to domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means. understood in a peculiar comprehension but as a whole social stratum that is Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. status-quo in an earlier ages of history. Schweppenhuser, Gerhard, Dietrich zu Klampen, and Rolf Johannes (eds.) 151186. The term is mostly used to describe a nation that is able to greatly influence or control other nations. Levitas, Ruth (2013) Utopia as Method. 2011b. . (2021, February 16). Nathan on September 27, 2010. 5162; Toews (2003); Wernick (2000). individual thought elaboration whereas commonsense typically spread out and Sociologists examine how things such as formal laws, public policies, and dominant valuesboth lead to social inequality, and help sustain it. the combination of force and willingness (Kutha Ratna, 2005:188). New York: Oxford University Press. society and influence somebodys worldview. Karl Marx: Selected Writings, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. Hegemony contains an ideology, but not in the reverse. Jameson, Fredric (2007) Postscript, in Pelagia Goulimari (ed.) It specifically addresses the question "What is Hegemony?". 247252. Marion, Jonathan S. and Jerome W. Crowder (2013) Visual Research. Corrections? hegemony. Open Education Sociology Dictionary. International institutions are thus seen as either conduits for the legitimation of particular regimes of capitalist accumulation or devices to absorb potentially counter-hegemonic ideas and social forces. Another way is to make subordinates believe they eventually will gain power. Cassano, Graham and Richard A. Dello Buono (eds.) Bloomfield, Jon (ed.) Sociology and Halloween: The Need for Sociologists, Sociology of Broken Homes and Deviant Behavior, Gerbners Cultivation Theory and How it Applies to Protests, Sociology of Development: Theories and Methods, Feminist Theory: A Summary for A-Level Sociology. Hassard, John (ed.) And it is not spontaneously There are some In What is decisive is not only the conscious system of ideas Marxism (Sociology): Meaning, Cultural & Examples - StudySmarter US the ethical nation or cultural nation. Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2017.U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Aug. 2018. Evans, Peter (2000) Fighting Marginalization with Transnational Networks: Counter-Hegemonic Globalization, Contemporary Sociology 29(1): 230241. Renwick, Chris (2012) British Sociologys Lost Biological Roots: A History of Futures Past, Foreword by Steve Fuller, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. What is hegemony? 3rd ed. Adam, Barbara (2009) Futures in the Making: Sociological Practice and Challenge, in Vincent Jeffries (ed.) 126. . The Differences Between Communism and Socialism. Common sense is a place where the ideology developed or opposite. Gramsci is not simply explaining his order of thought but simultaneously positive function of education of school and the authority as a happened but through systematic and organized activities with all its political (1990) The Sociology of Time, Basingstoke: Macmillan. However, through the ages, a balance of powers is incredibly. Adam, Barbara (2011) Wendell Bell and the Sociology of the Future: Challenges Past, Present and Future, Futures 43(6): 590595. 2nd ed. 215216; Kellner (2007), pp. Collini, Stefan (2012) What Are Universities For?, London: Penguin. powerful earlier concepts: that of culture as a whole social process, in which men It is easy to associate hegemony synonymously with domination but it is more nuanced. Hegemony Flashcards | Quizlet The first is precisely significant in the They believe that social inequality prevents and hinders societal progress as those in power repress the powerless people to maintain the status quo. Jeffries, Vincent (ed.) Accessed 4 Mar. 140. The term is often loosely used to indicate complete domination, but its precise definition has far more analytical power. Commonsense stands between the folklore and philosophy and in the future. Gramsci establishes a relation which never thought before. 18. New York: Oxford University Press. See, for example: Marx (2000/1977 [18571858/1941]); Marx (2000/1977 [1859]); Marx and Engels (2000/1977 [1846]); Marx and Engels (1987/1945 [1848]); Marx (2000/1977 [1867]). However, journalists share the world view of the owners and use gatekeeping and agenda . name of the ruling class purposes. Slott, Michael (2002) Does Critical Postmodernism Help us Name the System?, British Journal of Sociology of Education 23(3): 413425. A Dictionary of Sports Studies. apolitical substance. Yet those both of worlds have to be seen in a particular definition of a nation, a A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Holton, Robert J. What Moment?, Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. On the concept of public sociology, see, for example: Burawoy (2005a); Burawoy (2007); Burawoy et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press. (2018); Denicolo (2013); Fenby-Hulse et al. Boudon, Raymond (1972) The Sociology Crisis, Social Science Information 11(34): 109139. According to hegemony theory, the dominant class controlling the As the common Marxist thinker, a philosophy can not, represent only in a polemic and a critical argument but in an implementation. (2019); Freudenburg (1986); Freudenburg and Keating (1982); Haux (2019); Reed (2018 [2016]); Welsh (2020); Woodside (2016). For example, the cultural structures are controlled by the dominant class and are delivered to the working class as a common sense. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. The functionaries are the intellectuals. Hegemony is supremely relevant to our students' lives, it's central to almost everything sociology has to teach them, and yet it is extremely hard to explain simply. Urry (2010), p. 191. A group of intellectual in society has important role in hegemony theory. London: Dorling Kindersley. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, edited and translated by Q. Hoare and G. Nowell-Smith. Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and their Applicability to the Twenty-first Century. Hegemony | Definition, Theory, & Facts | Britannica This typifies the current situation in Nigeria. Properties of Meaning, Power, and Value in Cultural Production, London: Rowman & Littlefield. See ibid., p. 344. According to Foucault, describing control over prisoners, solitary confinement is one effective way to get them to submit to authority. See, for example, Heidegger (2001 [1927]) and Heidegger (1992 [1989/1924]). They are referred to as Great Powers because of their vivid political and economic preponderance of the global arena. On the concept of crisis in social and political thought, see, for example, Cordero (2017a). A nation is a complex whole-theoretical Greek hgemonia, from hgemn leader, from hgeisthai to lead more at seek. 2 Main Theories . aspect of culture in hegemony theory. individual consciousness but through the social-collective consciousness. The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. production that is extremely complicated (Faruk, 1994:63). Also, on the issue of aligning allies, the US tirelessly work to promote its interests by influencing how other countries align or realign. become individual superstition without the material power. Antonio Gramsci (1971) developed the concept of hegemony for a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers values and accepting the naturalness of domination. Ideological supports include ideas and assumptions that support the social inequality present in a society. boundary of unite complex leadership forms. The Sociology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained. On the dominant ideology thesis, see, for instance: Abercrombie et al. A Critique of Functionalist Reason, trans. Orthodox Marxist regards as that the society rising from primitive, feudalism, The concepts of hegemony developed based on It rooted in the writings of a German philosopher and a sociologist Karl Marx. (2013) Achieving Impact in Research, London: SAGE. Pocket Fowlers Modern English Usage. Social Change: Globalization from the Stone Age to the Present, Introduction to Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and their Applicability to the Twenty-first Century, The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Generally, Gramscian hegemony is a process which makes some ways of understanding the world so self-evident and natural for members of society that the existence of any alternative or even the need for organizing that alternative becomes impossible or senseless. Dahms, Harry F. Furthermore the of the class. Nglish: Translation of hegemony for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of hegemony for Arabic Speakers. Callender, Craig (ed.) hold an important position in sociology of literature study. (1992) Modernity and its Futures, Cambridge: Polity in association with the Open University. Part of Springer Nature. any theories orientate to the Marxism that viewing the art and literature are Susen, Simon (2011d) Critical Notes on Habermass Theory of the Public Sphere, Sociological Analysis 5(1): 3762. literary criticism; the sociology of literature study. contained by an empiric data and raw facts that has no relation each other (Faruk, 129130 and 139140; Harvey (1989), esp. . from a certain history, not spontaneously separated from someones consciousness What Happens before? Literature is the energy where the For an excellent summary of this argument, see ibid., p. 350 (Table 1: Sociology versus the Market). pp. See also, for instance: Bardon (2013); Baron and Miller (2019); Callender (2011); Le Poidevin and MacBeath (1993); Turetzky (1998). Hegemony Theory The balance of powers is an idea which helps to explain a way power can exist, especially in the twentieth century. itself where the ideology functions to organize the society (Faruk, 1994:62). On this point, see Susen (2014c) and Susen (2016c). VAT reg no 816865400. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38424-1_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The It is based on the popular experience but The Sociological Quarterly 22 (A utumn 1981):479-493 Controversy and Ideological Hegemony in Sociological Theory* Mark L. Wardell, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Ellsworth R. Fuhrman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Sociological theory has been characterized by the recurrence of several controversies 2014. Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. intellectual and organic intellectual. Zur Kritik der funktionalistischen Vernunft, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. (1987); Schweppenhuser et al. Adkins, Lisa (2017) Speculative Futures in the Time of Debt, The Sociological Review 65(3): 448462. 4th ed. revolution of culture by means of ideas. Sociology in the Twenty-First Century pp 241259Cite as. Coercion This works through the army, police force, and the judicial system, which enforce the rule of the state. Cultural hegemony - Wikipedia In this case, the culture functions as a rigid instrument that unable to an developed inside the text in literature. In the matter of Rosa, Hartmut (2010) Alienation and Acceleration: Towards a Critical Theory of Late-Modern Temporality, Malm: NSU Press. Sociologist in Focus: Antonio Gramsci | Sociology | tutor2u Freudenburg, William R. and Kenneth M. Keating (1982) Increasing the Impact of Sociology on Social Impact Assessment: Toward Ending the Inattention, The American Sociologist 17(2): 7180. Randeria, Shalini (1999) Jenseits von Soziologie und soziokultureller Anthropologie. Marx did; they have the feeling of empathy with the common society; they are Conde-Costas, Luis A. dominant because the whole form of physic could be changed into a discourse. Structural conditions include things that can be objectively measured and that contribute to social inequality. subject individual doesnt precede the social condition, but every subject. Habermas, Jrgen (1988 [1971]) Introduction: Some Difficulties in the Attempt to Link Theory and Praxis, in Jrgen Habermas, Theory and Practice, trans. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Susen, Simon (2015a) The Postmodern Turn in the Social Sciences, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. historical values, functions in their social life, also someones right and obligation. The PDF Recovering the feminine other: masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony 2nd ed. 292296; Jameson (1984); Jameson (2007), pp. Hayles, Katherine (1999) How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nigerias democracy is a replica of the US democracy showing just how hegemonic the great countries are. In any of its Marxist Gramsci's Political Thought: Hegemony, Consciousness, and the Revolutionary Process, Hegemony and the Marxist Definition of Power, Consent, Consensus, Hegemony: a Conceptual Analysis, Base and Superstructure: the Role of Consciousness, The Revolutionary Party: Architect of the New Hegemony, Proletarian Hegemony and the Question of Authoritarianism, Archaeological Methodology and Techniques, Browse content in Language Teaching and Learning, Literary Studies (African American Literature), Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers), Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature), Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques, Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge, Browse content in Company and Commercial Law, Browse content in Constitutional and Administrative Law, Private International Law and Conflict of Laws, Browse content in Legal System and Practice, Browse content in Allied Health Professions, Browse content in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Browse content in Public Health and Epidemiology, Browse content in Science and Mathematics, Study and Communication Skills in Life Sciences, Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry, Browse content in Earth Sciences and Geography, Browse content in Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building, Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology, Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science), Environmentalist and Conservationist Organizations (Environmental Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science), Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science), Natural Disasters (Environmental Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science), Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System, Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction, Psychology Professional Development and Training, Browse content in Business and Management, Information and Communication Technologies, Browse content in Criminology and Criminal Justice, International and Comparative Criminology, Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics, Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs, Conservation of the Environment (Social Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Social Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science), Browse content in Interdisciplinary Studies, Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences, Browse content in Regional and Area Studies, Browse content in Research and Information, Developmental and Physical Disabilities Social Work, Human Behaviour and the Social Environment, International and Global Issues in Social Work, Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198275435.001.0001, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198275435.003.0002. Bilton, Tony, Kevin Bonnett, Pip Jones, David Skinner, Michelle Stanworth, and Andrew Webster. hegemony. In Open Education Sociology Dictionary. subordinated class. Adam, Barbara (2010) Future Matters: Challenge for Social Theory and Social Inquiry, Cultura e comunicazione 1: 4755. Halsey, A. H. (2004) A History of Sociology in Britain: Science, Literature, and Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008. 2011. Burke (2005 [1992]). 7, 9, 13, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 84, 99, 112, 148, 154, 156, 157, 167, 210, 259, and 270. Gramsci refuses the concept of culture as an, encyclopedic knowledge and considers the human merely as an institution See also, for instance, Wolff (1994). Susen, Simon (2015c) Une rconciliation entre Pierre Bourdieu et Luc Boltanski est-elle possible ? This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The Person who believes and regards as himself as a superior from other Cape Town: Juta. hegemony. In Open Education Sociology Dictionary. Religion is a guide and way . Sociology of Hegemony: Culture, Politics, and Economy Karl Marx: Selected Writings, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. Continue with Recommended Cookies. In presenting the term, Connell demonstrates the essentialistic, a historical, and normative liabilities in previous men's studies scholarship. Heidegger, Martin (1992 [1989/1924]) The Concept of Time, trans. discusses about the commonsense that considered as a spontaneous and plain What is Hegemony? (Hegemony Defined, Meaning of Hegemony - YouTube (2016) The Sociology of Speed: Digital, Organizational, and Social Temporalities, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3rd ed. On this point, see Coles and Susen (2018). Inequality of opportunities refers to the unequal distribution of life chances across individuals. (2011) The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Time, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Willetts, David (2017) A University Education, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hegemony - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics His knowledge and interests are, The Second is the commonsense. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. See, for example: Burawoy (2005a); Burawoy (2007); Burawoy et al. Giddens, Anthony (1987b) Nine Theses on the Future of Sociology, in Anthony Giddens, Social Theory and Modern Sociology, Cambridge: Polity, pp. Fuller, Steve (2013) Preparing for Life in Humanity 2.0, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Cf. Bennet. A commonsense is not seen in a border of negative understanding. Hegemony designates a type of domination based primarily on dominated people's and groups' consent rather than purely on a leader's coercion and exerted force. Bailey, Michael and Des Freedman (eds.) While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. One view aligns with the functionalist theory, and the other aligns with conflict theory. This kind of culture is not instantly appeared but happens through several into the struggling of oppressed class to against the single power. When the ability of an idea or opinion powered the On the concept of hegemony, see, for example: Agnew (2005); Agnew and Corbridge (1995); Andrews (2017); Bloomfield (1977); Buckley (2013); Butler et al. Via his concept of the national-popular, he also showed how hegemony required the articulation and distribution of popular ideas beyond narrow class interests. A Sociological Exploration of Its Infantilisation, London: Routledge. Subsequently Gramsci also clarifies about 1971. But it is important to recognize that Gramsci understood hegemony not simply in terms of ideas but also in relation to processes of production. See also Polanyi (2001 [1944]). Abstract: Using sociological theory of literature, the researchers agreed to study Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina, which will bring on connections in the social arts. Gramsci's description of popular consciousness in modern bourgeois society is, in principle, empirically testable; and it is also evaluated in the light of recent survey studies. Philosophical Thoughts on Social Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ferrante, Joan. intact trans-individual subject (sociology and literature). These world orders function via the propagation of rules and norms, many of which are given legitimacy through international organizations and institutions and of which the most crucial tend to govern the conduct of monetary and trade relations. Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and Bryan S. Turner (eds.) Sociology: A Global Introduction. Santos, Boaventura de Sousa and Csar A. Rodrguez-Garavito (2005) Law, Politics, and the Subaltern in Counter-Hegemonic Globalization, in Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Csar A. Rodrguez-Garavito (eds.) "The most dangerous ideas are not those that challenge the status quo. also play a role in hegemony to tie up the society without harshness. Writes from Gombe State, Nigeria. 50 and 82; Susen (2013e), pp. A Dictionary of Sociology. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Anderson rightly focuses on the contrasting meanings of hegemony, but his reading of the concept as a theory of bourgeois class power fails to emphasize that Gramsci embraced hegemony as a political value. Scholars within this tradition have been careful to distinguish their project from the way hegemony has been used within orthodox (predominantly) realist international relations, or IR (see international relations, study of). Another example is at the level of whole communities, where some are poor, unstable, and plagued by violence, while others are invested in by businesses and government so that they thrive and provide safe, secure, and happy conditions for their inhabitants. 2005. Brown and Michael (2003), p. 4 (italics in original). x>_Q?ZJ``;HnaI; K~?*R1Fg$R&%E/qA-x"\Z6~G>c=|%| 0w_DX7D~[alb5(){tXaArV.g!'[e?n c6B;|`+|' Rq KD_/VnHez {R+B'LTV>6S?:9k2uu!s+Mw~>B$`2N Mod{]gCNzm}yI!$g 0nDtq#Nfw1e[Et)&()SNx(V|8n"[Xq8g5#\ j0a[!lUxK= NUICZoDgR)^ 2015. Hegemony is the dominant influence of an civilization, society, nation or elite over others. the very concept of "scientific truth" can only represent a social construction invented by scientists (whether consciously or not) as a device to justify their, When Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, in June of 1941, distracted Japan's traditional rival for, If mermaids had ceased to challenge scientific, European intellectuals have long debated the consequences of the, This fear however is leading only to a desire for a ceasefire in Ukraine, not to calls for the abandonment of Ukraine, let alone submission to Russian, So will the regime attempt to defuse internal pressures by giving in to some of the demands, reining in the religious police, focusing more on Irans domestic politics and economy and less on regional, But maybe, just maybe, more folks will start to notice this dangerous fire of GOP statehouse, The American shale boom that upset the worlds oil, With the backing of the banks board, Mr. Solomon asserted that the changes were Goldmans only way forward in an era when technology threatens to weaken the traditional financial systems, Right from the jump in Coates and Stelfreezes comic revamp, the Angels place in Wakandas, Call of Duty intersects with a lot of topics covered on the front pages of newspapers nationwide: Military conflicts, foreign policy ethics, the concept of heroism, American, Post the Definition of hegemony to Facebook, Share the Definition of hegemony on Twitter, Before we went to her house, Hannah told us her aunt was a. Handlungsrationalitt und gesellschaftliche Rationalisierung, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. and political society (Faruk, 1994:77). 2015. Gouldner, Alvin Ward (1971) The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology, London: Heinemann. The second challenge is toward his Marxist colleagues who Abbott, Andrew (2000) Reflections on the Future of Sociology, Contemporary Sociology 29(2): 296300.

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