merge ibes with compustat

** We keep one record per IBES TICKER CUSIP combination; as select *, min(sdates) as fdate, max(sdates) as ldate. I'm not fully sure for EPS forecasts, but usually we wouldn't see multiple simultaneous issues at the same time either if I'm not mistaken. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The CRSP item names match the Compustat mnemonic names wherever possible. *, b.gvkey, b.fic, b.sic Hi Kai, Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Therefore matching through Cusips is likely to be correct for many cases but not all. * Merging IBES and CRSP datasets using ICLINK table; where a.ticker=b.ticker and b.permno=c.permno and. Is a PhD visitor considered as a visiting scholar? Link any type of identifier (ticker, CUSIP, PERMNO, etc.) Each restatement disclosure may restate multiple financial statements. Could you please post a code for linking between compustat and audit analytics without CRSP and I/B/E/S? The following program is used to link each financial restatement in Audit Analytics to Compustat, CRSP, and I/B/E/S. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Wharton Research Data Services. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? solar mosaic subordination. The code is available on my GitHub: https://github.com/snauhaus/link_compustat_ibes. 1 GVKEY-PERMNO link table First, we need to create a GVKEY-PERMNO link table. Download link table between various heavily used databases on WRDS platform, such as. As this website (as well as the wikipedia article) explain, the first 6 digits identify a company, the subsequent 2 digits a specific issue of a security, and the 9th digit is a checksum. It supports the following methods: - Link via CRSP - Link via S_SECURITY Notes: - Output can be specified manually or via argparse - References: *, crspcusip. I want to perform a joint analysis of US stocks and exUS stocks. The last digit of CUSIP is only a checksum variable: read here. Thanks very much! Common Identifier Used for Linking - CUSIP. I tried that and said to my coach and he said that using CUSIP is not the right way of merging COMPUSTAT and IBES. Fork 4. Star 12. Are you sure you want to create this branch? It helps me a lot! intnx('month',a.STATPERS,0,'E') = intnx('month',c.date,0,'E'); * STEP SIX: Link IBES, CRSP and Conpustat. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? The resultant dataset aa contains unique identifiers of Audit Analytics (res_notify_key), Compustat (gvkey), CRSP (permno), and I/B/E/S (ibtic). Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? 600+ datasets from more than 50 vendors across multiple disciplines are accessible to support users at all experience levels. Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. (NCUSIPis a historical eight digitCUSIPassigned at the equity issue). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Your email address will not be published. It's clickable information that the user was last active. For these reasons, identifiers such as tickers or CUSIPs dont work well with historical analysis. But I think the CIK in AA is historical. IBES - IBES ticker. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Please Your email address will not be published. Step 2 (optional): Select individual linking options if needed. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. How to link or merge CRSP/Compustat with Datastream/Worldscope, https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/pages/support/manuals-and-overviews/thomson-reuters/datastream/refinitiv-datastream-overview/, https://libguides.princeton.edu/MatchFinancial, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Quantitative Finance site design and logo Draft. I also want to merge international, so non-US, firms from Compustat Global with analyst data from IBES but I am not able to do it. COMPUSTAT database is using a 9 CUSIP code as identifier and IBES is using 8 CUSIP code as identifier. Twitter. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. For generic linking, WRDS suggests to link based on ISIN (see https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/pages/support/manuals-and-overviews/thomson-reuters/datastream/refinitiv-datastream-overview/), while others propose as alternative to link based on CUSIP (e.g., https://libguides.princeton.edu/MatchFinancial). SEC 13F Security List has incorrect CUSIP numbers? Dealscan records can be linked to Compustat using the Roberts Dealscan-Compustat Linking Database. * Create 8-digit CUSIP using "NAMES" file; data compcusip (keep = gvkey cusip cusip8 tic); *Extract CRSP Cusip from "STOCKNAMES" file; proc sort data=crsp.stocknames (keep=cusip permco permno)out=crspcusip nodupkey; * Merge Compusat cusip with CRSP cusip and create table "total"; where compcusip.cusip8 = crspcusip.cusip; * Selected GVKEYS-- use quotes to be consistent with character variables; * Date range-- applied to FYEAR (Fiscal Year); * Make extract from Compustat Quarterly Funda file; if indfmt='INDL' and datafmt='STD' and popsrc='D' and consol='C'; * create begin and end dates for fiscal year; sxa= sale/at; * compute sales over assets ratio; /****************************************************************************************. How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. To use, do the following: Step 1: Apply company codes individually, or as a list, or choose the entire database. While there are many people on this forum who do finance analytics, and I hope that one of them will give you the answer you are looking for, you might have better luck if you also cross-post this to a user-forum related specifically to COMPUSTAT, IBES, or finance analytics generally. Top of Section WRDS globally-accessed, efficient web-based service gives researchers access to accurate, vetted data and WRDS doctoral-level experts. merge ibes with compustat. It can be constructed from, both, the 8-digit "old" CUSIP of I/B/E/S as well as the "new" 9-digit CUSIP on Compustat. I tried to use the CCM linking table, but then I am left. One potential script that will match it for you in less than a minute: https://gist.github.com/JoostImpink/0e5a8ae738cc8ef14baf. Did you figer it out how to do this merge? * STEP ONE: Create Linking Table with 8-digit CUSIP; ************************************************************************************/. The option -m (or --method) can be used to specify the method with which the two tables should be merged (see above). * 14,591 IBES TICKERs matched to CRSP PERMNOs; /* Score links using CUSIP date range and company name spelling distance */, /* Idea: date ranges the same cusip was used in CRSP and IBES should intersect */. And in case ISIN is better, where do I find it in CRSP/Compustat data? This is basically not a Stata or statistics question. How to show that an expression of a finite type must be one of the finitely many possible values? I remembered that you mentioned in another blog that we should use the shares outstanding in Compustat. But why you only keep the first.permno? positions are temporary quotes. These files are intended for use with the CRSP SAS and ACII stock files and Compustat data files that contain GVKEYs and IIDs. sign in The following is a list of common elements in some of the most heavily used financial databases. The created dataset will include the Compustat records with missing permno and missing Ibes ticker. * STEP THREE: Link GVKEYS to CRSP Identifiers; * Use CCMXPF_LNKHIST table to obtain CRSP identifiers for our subset of companies/dates; *****************************************************************************************/. For example, when a sales recognition error is identified in a restatement disclosure, the sales in several prior years may be required to restate. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? Discrepancies between EPS actuals in IBES and Compustat . Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? That said, you can save the observations which did not match by cusip and try a second merge by ticker. ** Only observations with non-missing CUSIP are retained; ** rows with duplicate CUSIP information for each IBES TICKER should be deleted, ** SDATES variable for the company identifying information tracks start dates. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Promote Code Transparency and Reusability in Accounting Research, /* Compustat: COMPANY Dataset Vs. NAMES Dataset, https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/support/Additional%20Support/WRDS%20Knowledge%20Base%20with%20FAQs.cfm?folder_id=658&article_id=2837 */, The main problem of linking Compustat with IBES is not the fact that Compustat's cusip is 9, character, whereas IBES is 8-character. * Keep link with most recent company name; /* Step 2: Find links for the remaining unmatched cases using Exchange Ticker */. You signed in with another tab or window. By definition, this may be not a one-to-one match. If yes, how can I do that?By the way, I am also using Stata. Convert 8-digit CUSIPS into 9 and 6-digit CUSIPs. jhye richardson brothers; bridget kelly daughter of gene kelly; barbara joyce rupard wikipedia; kildonan commons independent living; volusia county drug bust 2021; austin alexander beatie; anairis clemente death; merge ibes with compustat. Wharton Research Data Services. I am trying to link Thomson Reuter's I/B/E/S dataset with Compustat. Please note this program uses the macro ICLINK. Facebook. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters. Then use the link to the IBES CRSP Query Form to try the exercise yourself. Could we access the autoexec.sas file in home directory via PC SAS Connect? I want to ask a question on the mapping between AuditAnalytics and Compustat. Shouldnt we keep the ones with highest scores? Therefore matching through Cusips is likely to be correct for many cases but not all. Different datasets in WRDS are collected from different sources, e.g. intck('month',a.endfyr,b.date)between 3 and 14; proc download data=comp_CRSP out=mylocal.ccmfundaex; *download output dataset to local location; * STEP FIVE: CUSIP Method to Link IBES TICKERS and CRSP PERMNOs; * Complete list of the IBES TICKERs for all U.S. companies tracked by IBES, ** Generate a complete list of the IBES TICKERs for US companies along with all associated historical CUSIPs. The score also includes a penalty for differences in */, /* company names-- CNAME in IBES and COMNAM in CRSP. There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. I want to ask two question regarding the merge between the Compstat and IBES dataset. To ensure that the data from different datasets applies to the same company, researchers need tools to convert permanent identifiers from one to another or to link data from different datasets for the same companies. For this post, I have got one question: Merge CRSP/Compustat data with IBES data This program is intended for calculation of quarterly standardized earnings surprises (SUE) based on time-series (seasonal random walk model) and analyst EPS forecasts. WRDS has a few research applications intended to demonstrate possible approaches that can, be used in order to merge Compustat GVKEY to IBES ticker. Easily Link tables between the most frequently-used databases on the WRDS platform: Bond-CRSP Link Directly link fixed income data at the individual bond level to the equity data from the CRSP database. Your posts are super helpful and I really enjoyed reading them. As far as I can see the CRSP/Compustat Merged dataset includes the desired linking variables for merging with CRSP. script: link_compustat_ibis.py author: Steffen Nauhaus date: Spring 2018 This script creates a mapping table between IBES and Compustat. Another question is regarding the shares outstanding. * Possible IBES ID (names) file to use (as of April 2006); * Detail History: ID file : 23808 unique US and Canadian company IBES TICKERs; * Summary History: IDSUM File: 15576 unique US company IBES TICKERs; * Recommendation Summary Statistics: RECDSUM File 12465 unique US company IBES tickers; * It seems that the Summary History Identifier file IDSUM is best. Since I don't have SAS, I wrote a python script to create the mapping table between Compustat and IBES via CRSP. rev2023.3.3.43278. Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for finance professionals and academics. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. If you want a more comprehensive map between GVKEY and IBES Ticker, check out on of the recent, research applications on WRDS (P/E Ratio), which demonstrates how to obtain a linking table, between GVKEY and IBES Ticker using CRSP-Compustat Merged product as well as WRDS ICLINK product).*/. Thank you for posting and sharing your code! */ create table aa3 as select a. ; Daily TAQ-CRSP Link TAQ symbol root and CRSP PERMNO. PERMCO and PERMNO are unique permanent identification numbers assigned by CRSP to all companies listed in CRSP dataset. CRSP is the default. Code: ssc install savesome savesome if _merge==1 using masternomatch savesome if _merge==2 using usingnomatch clear use masternomatch merge 1:1 ticker yr using usingnomatch Devra IBES "Split" Dates are Jun 18, 1998 and Jan 14, 1999. For example, if a company ceases to exist, its ticker may be reassigned to another company; a company may be allotted multiple CUSIPs caused by corporate structural changes. I could not find this table in my WRDS account. merge ibes with compustat Menu shinedown problematic. Chat and Thank you in advance! Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? I would guess that they produce slightly different results, since my script doesn't account for the date as the SAS script does, Mapping I/B/E/S to Compustat via 6-digit CUSIP, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Quantitative Finance site design and logo Draft, Mapping international firms in I/B/E/S to Compustat, Mapping symbols between tickers, Reuters RICs and Bloomberg tickers. Sorry, no, but clearly the thread is visible again. Is this Security table still available on WRDS? For more information, click here . . AA collects restatement disclosure. * Merge Compusat cusip with CRSP cusip and create table "total"; proc sql; create table total as select compcusip. Python script to create a mapping table between I/B/E/S and Compustat. Is it suspicious or odd to stand by the gate of a GA airport watching the planes? ** The data needs to be arranged by deleting rows with duplicate CUSIP information for each PERMNO. which makes use of the WRDS macro iclink to merge CRSP and IBES: https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/research/macros/sas_macros/iclink.cfm. I tried both now and the main issue with the CUSIP method seems to be that when the ownership of a company changes, the two historic and header CUSIPs track the change differently on occasion. Most effective way to merge COMPUSTAT annual and CRSP monthly stock return file. (most recent), whereas IBES Cusip is hsitorical (as of date). The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. GitHub. Hey,I also want to merge international, so non-US, firms from Compustat Global with analyst data from IBES but I am not able to do it. GVKEY (Global Company Key) is a unique number assigned to each company in the Compustat-Capital IQ database. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. CRSP is the default. Select the Slide Deck for a guided assignment on this topic. Many thanks for the codes and they really help a lot! create table aa1 Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. Collections, Events But I wonder in this case, should we use the CRSP shares outstanding since it will bypass the stock split if we use the unadjust file of IBES? Furthermore there is also a IBES ticker but this one is not the same as the ticker from COMPUSTAT. data ibeslink; set ibeslink; Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain. Data exported from Capital IQ, FactSet, Bloomberg, Compustat, how to treat NA values in Compustat and CRSP, Bloomberg Ticker mapping with Reuters RIC, Old codes for Companies (CUSIP/ISIN/SEDOL). This requires valid login credentials to WRDS. why is poverty island closed to the public MSY: 1021 Airline Dr, Kenner, LA 70062 (Free Shuttle) 8:00 - 23:00 24-Hour Drop Off Text / WhatsApp: 504-500-1885 merge ibes with compustat (504) 500-1880. /* Compustat: COMPANY Dataset Vs. NAMES Dataset Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? Thank you for your reply! ; IBES-CRSP Link Historical matching of IBES TICKER with CRSP PERMNO. The main issue is that Compustat Cusip is header (most recent), whereas IBES Cusip is historical (as of date). The combined data is merged with CRSP. Use MathJax to format equations. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? Quantitative Finance Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for finance professionals and academics. label fdate="First Start date of CUSIP record"; label ldate="Last Start date of CUSIP record"; ** Similarly, we will prepare the CRSP PERMNO CUSIP set using the STOCKNAMES dataset. I tried to follow the Codes on the WRDS Website and created a merged dataset using linking tables. because USFIRM dummy is used to designate only US companies; /* IBES: Get the list of IBES TICKERS for US firms in IBES */, /* Create first and last 'start dates' for CUSIP link */, /* Label date range variables and keep only most recent company name for CUSIP link */, /* CRSP: Get all PERMNO-NCUSIP combinations */, /* Arrange effective dates for CUSIP link */, /* Label date range variables and keep only most recent company name */, /* CUSIP date ranges are only used in scoring as CUSIPs are not reused for. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Do you have an Internet link for this table? Pull requests. MM-dd= 2 digit Month-2 digit day, CUSIP Master file names: Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string, Is there a solutiuon to add special characters from software and how to do it, Recovering from a blunder I made while emailing a professor, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US, ERROR: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW WITH DATA cannot be executed from a function. to GVKEY and one another. July 1, 2022. Issuer file: ALLCMMASTER_ISSUER.PIP.zip How to download all stocks from NYSE, AMEX and Nasdaq from CRSP without entering individual company codes? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. MathJax reference. However, there will be two issues. ACMD[MM-dd]R.PIP : Issuer file Use MathJax to format equations. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? 500+ institutions in 38 countries - supporting 75,000+ researchers. Instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? The following code will delete the duplicate observations. What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? It will download I/B/E/S, CRSP, and a Compustat-CRSP linktable from WRDS SQL server and merge the three tables in order to create a linktable for I/B/E/S and Compustat. */, /* In computing the score, a CUSIP match is considered better than a */, /* TICKER match. Further, when two duplicate observations have the same score, why we should keep the first.permno? In order to use this macro, youneed to add the following line to your autoexec.sas file in your WRDS home directory (see here for details): options sasautos=('/wrds/wrdsmacros/', SASAUTOS) MAUTOSOURCE; Hi Kai, Common Identifier Used for Linking - SEDOL. /************************************************************************************. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. SAS macro to get analysts EPS consensus for a given fiscal period end (DATADATE) by a selected date (DATE), https://wrds-web.wharton.upenn.edu/wrds/support/Additional%20Support/WRDS%20Knowledge%20Base%20with%20FAQs.cfm?folder_id=658&article_id=2837, A test on Stata running speed on MacBook Pro (M1 Pro chip) and old Macs, My thoughts on Python for accounting research, Use Stata to do propensity score matching (PSM), Export a SAS dataset to Stata with all variable names converted to lowercase, Calculate delta (pay-performance sensitivity), vega (risktaking incentives), and firm-specific wealth (inside equity) for executives on Execucomp, Use Python to download lawsuit data from Stanford Law Schools Securities Class Action Clearinghouse, Stata command to create Fama-French industry classifications based on SIC codes. Also see the Stanford guide. I linked compustat - crsp and crsp - ibes, but I don't know how to combine all three datasets. Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. To merge via G_security, run. * STEP FOUR: Option 2: Alternative way of matching CRSP data; * Match accounting data with fiscal yearends in month 't'. Thank you very much!! For historical analysis on securities, researchers use permanent identifiers, such as PERMNO, PERMCO, and GVKEY that never change for the duration of the companys life span regardless of the name changes or other instances and are never being reused. And if we do so, how can we deal with the difference between the different shares outstanding since the earning-per-share data is based on the shares outstanding from Compustat. Interesting. merge ibes with compustat. MathJax reference. keene, ca haunted hospital; ripley county drug bust; riverside county property tax due dates 2021; delaware county daily times archives; Gelito Coffee Jelly. sample usage: %CCI(dsout=work.a_cci, start=2000, end=2014); Invoke the macro from a filed that is saved in the same directory (this is needed for SAS to figure out. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 8:00 - 23:00 . Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. A python script to create a mapping table between I/B/E/S and Compustat. I wonder if both yield the same result. I need monthly or quarterly data. We have to use SSH to access the file. Dear Kai, cva hunter disassembly. First, Compustat provides a linking, header table between GVKEY and IBES ticker (IBTIC) in its SECURITY table. more, Roberts Dealscan-Compustat Linking Database, CUSIP=Latest 8 digit Cusip; NCUSIP=Historic (original ipo), Modified Ticker; U: for NYSE and AMEX; @ for Nasdaq; Dead stocks 6 digit codes; ISIN, No but can use ISIN or put U before the 8 digit CUSIP. The following is a list of common elements in some of the most heavily used financial databases. This lesson is designed for researchers who wish to link data between the IBES and CRSP databases using WRDS' familiar web query format. The Compustat-CRSP merged (CCM) database itself is a product that already contains all of the CRSP pricing data and all of Compustat's fundamental data merged into one product. So the following paragraph in your code is to merge all the restatements related to a specific firm, right? It looks like the comp.company only keeps one CIK record for each gvkey, so I guess its the header CIK. I tried to use the CCM linking table, but then I am left with Canadian firms only, so this is no opportunity.I tried to use the ISIN and SEDOL from Compustat to obtain the IBES CUSIP but that does not work either. */, /* "SCORE" levels: */, /* - 0: BEST match: using (cusip, cusip dates and company names) */, /* or (exchange ticker, company names and 6-digit cusip) */, /* - 1: Cusips and cusip dates match but company names do not match */, /* - 2: Cusips and company names match but cusip dates do not match */, /* - 3: Cusips match but cusip dates and company names do not match */, /* - 4: Exch tickers and 6-digit cusips match but company names do not match */, /* - 5: Exch tickers and company names match but 6-digit cusips do not match */, /* - 6: Exch tickers match but company names and 6-digit cusips do not match */, /* ICLINK Example: */, /* TICKER CNAME PERMNO COMNAM SCORE */, /* BAC BANKAMERICA CORPORATION 58827 BANKAMERICA CORP 0 */, /* DELL DELL INC 11081 DELL INC 0 */, /* FFS 1ST FED BCP DEL 75161 FIRST FEDERAL BANCORP DE 3 */, /* IBM INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES 12490 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHS CO 0 */, /* MSFT MICROSOFT CORP 10107 MICROSOFT CORP 0 */. the relative path; change relative path if needs to be stored in another directory). Do you think there would be some observations lost if we simply match these two sets by the CIK code? Using the CRSP/Compustat Merged Database (CCM) to extract data is one of the fundamental steps in most finance studies. CRSP/Compustat Merged Database is now available in SAS, ASCII, and R formats! crabapple vs cherry tree / a thunderstorm is a connection between what two spheres / a thunderstorm is a connection between what two spheres CUSIP Master File as of January 11, 2020. If you are familiar with Linux-like command line, you can simply access and edit this file via Terminal (or anything equivalent on PC). Norm of an integral operator involving linear and exponential terms. It only takes a minute to sign up. A limit involving the quotient of two sums. Work fast with our official CLI. Actions. My question is, why wouldn't we just use the 6-digit CUSIP to map the two datasets? to use Codespaces. ** and constructing an effective date range for each historical CUSIP; proc sort data=CRSP.STOCKNAMES out=CRSP1 (keep=PERMNO NCUSIP comnam namedt nameenddt); min(namedt)as namedt,max(nameenddt) as nameenddt. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? Clone with Git or checkout with SVN using the repositorys web address. create table IBES2 as select *, min (sdates) as fdate, max (sdates) as ldate from IBES1 group by ticker, cusip order by ticker, cusip, sdates; quit; /* Label date range variables and keep only most recent company name for CUSIP link */ data IBES2; set IBES2; by ticker cusip; if last.cusip; label fdate="First Start date of CUSIP record"; The only halfway useful info I could find was on a two year old forum post, which suggests to go through a third database (CRSP) via a link table. Type in the name, CUSIP, ticker, or various other identifiers of the company and WRDS will find corresponding elements. If trying to match companies in many of the WRDS databases, WRDS has a matching feature. Posted 08-28-2016 11:05 PM(9486 views) I am having a problem in merging two datasets--COMPUSTAT annual and CRSP Monthly Stock file. I wonder is there any way to adjust that? The name penalty is */, /* based upon SPEDIS, which is the spelling distance function in SAS. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? Since Compustat is firm-specific, it shouldn't matter for most forecasts which security we're looking at.

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