diffractive waveguide

A UK company called WaveOptics adopts the 2D grating structure which combines the functionalities of the previous turn grating and output grating. The structure typically comprises a pattern of features having a size of 1 um or less. LO characterized in that the optical waveguide is a waveguide according to any of the > preceding claims. = 4. Our success has only been made possible with the launch of concurrent innovative solutions by our partners and a stellar example is the Dispelix LED waveguide. That is, there are no constant-grating regions in the DOE. Doesnt this phenomenon look familiar to you? The image to be displayed can be coupled into and out of the waveguide, as well as modified within the waveguide, using diffractive gratings. Diffractive - the most widely-used waveguide structure for AR displays. Her research areas include optical imaging system, optical metrology, optoelectronic devices, semiconductor laser, nanotechnology, etc. from 8 AM - 9 PM ET. The first and second elements are arranged on . The method comprises first determining the diffractive patterns as discussed above and then manufacturing the waveguide having a diffractive optical element composed of the diffractive patterns determined. A diffractive waveguide was fabricated with grating periods of 382 and 270 nm, which generated a monochromatic virtual image image in green light (520 nm). Correspondingly the mass production capability has already been proved by the mainstream AR products in the market such as Hololens I and II, Magic Leap One, etc. Once designed for example using the principles discussed herein, the diffractive optical element can be manufactured using optical microfabrication techniques known per se. The diffractive waveguide benefits from the advancement in micro/nano-structures and flat optics, which can realize two-dimensional exit pupil expansion. B. N - Compared with sharp interface DOEs, continuous transitions also make the present DOE oO LO 25 less sensitive to changes in position and angle of incoming light and light propagating in 7 the waveguide. Then we need to deal with the color dispersion problem, as mentioned in Figure 2, for which the same diffraction grating redirects different wavelengths into different directions. By continuing to use our site, you accept our use of cookies. I E In some embodiments, the microstructure of the DOE is free from sections with a graded 3 profile, in particular free from lateral height slopes, which take the local height of the 2 microstructure and therefore the local efficiency of the DOE gradually to zero or close to S zero, or, alternatively take the height to the height of a neighboring grating contained by the waveguide element. An optical waveguide comprising a waveguide body (10) capable of guiding light in a waveguide plane in two dimensions, and adiffractive optical element (22A) provided on a surface or within the waveguide body (10), the diffractive optical element (22A) extending in said two dimensions and each location of the diffractive optical element (22A) having a diffractive optical response for light directed thereto, wherein the diffractive optical element (22A) is a multi-region element comprising a plurality of regions with different diffractive optical responses, and characterized in that at least at some of said regions are constant-response regions (24A) with periodic diffractive grating within which the diffractive optical response is constant, and the diffractive optical element (22A) comprises intermediate regions (26A) with non-periodic microstructure between said constant-response regions (24A), the diffractive optical response of the intermediate regions (26A) changes continuously in the waveguide plane. In the polychrome module projector, an x-cube prism is used to combine images from three individual monochrome panels attached to the faces of the X-cube prism. 2022 Holographix LLC. According to one aspect, the invention provides a method of manufacturing an optical waveguide as herein described. Google has not. Both the monochrome and polychrome projectors are focused at infinity. The global Diffractive Waveguide market size is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, from US$ million in 2021, at a CAGR of % during 2022-2028. However, we are not satisfied with pupil expansion being limited in the horizontal direction (i.e. an entirely continuous and a piecewise constant, diffractive optical elements Detailed Description of Embodiments Definitions The term "diffractive optical element" (DOE) refers to a zone of the waveguide body comprising a physical structure capable of diffracting light. Diffractive Optics Designer starts at a minimum annual salary of $91,800. Diffractive Waveguides. The specific grating area, geometry and arrangement can be adjusted quite flexibly according to the product specification. Dispelix's LED waveguide is a truly innovative solution and at first light with our AmLED polychrome MicroLED projector we knew we had a compelling solution. Since theres no turn grating, the output grating can take up more real estate to potentially increase the eye box size. Fabrication of single and multi-substrate (laminated) waveguide configurations, Fabrication of color waveguide configurations, Manufacturing of large area (>300mm) slanted and blazed gratings, Custom thin-film coatings: Beamsplitter, Mirror, Anti-reflective, Variable Transmission, Multiple proprietary replication materials, Manufacturing from prototype to production quantities. Work with Us. ", Leon Baruah, Director Sales & Marketing at JBD further added "As a MicroLED display and light engine manufacturer we have always valued the significance of our Waveguide partners as their inventions complete our offering and are critical to the success of the AR industry. All three companies will . Hololens and Magic Leap both use SRG structure, while Digilens pioneers in VHG as well as Akonia which was adopted by Apple last year. Disclosed is an improved diffraction structure for 3D display systems. The substrates function as a light guide. The waveguide includes surface relief gratings for in-coupling of the image signal from a projector, expansion in x and y, and out-coupling. However, it should be noted that in the present invention, to achieve the continuous transition, all or part of the DOE can be non- periodic, whereby the term DOE herein covers also other structures than gratings (in the sense that the term "grating" is usually understood as a periodic structure). info@holographix.com. Contact & Support +1 888 902 0894 (United States) +1 360 685 5580 (International) Hours: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm PST. By the most conservative estimates of global Diffractive Waveguide market size (most likely outcome) will be a year-over-year revenue growth rate of % in 2021, from US$ million in 2020. Continuous change in the diffractive optical response means that a small change of > location of the DOE for incident light beam (in the order of feature size of the microstructure pattern) results in small change in the response for at least one wavelength. For the period 2021-2030, cross-segment growth provides accurate calculations and forecasts of sales by type and application in terms of volume and value. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on . One example is Dispelix located in Finland, who has demonstrated 30 degrees of FOV so far. Marlborough, MA 01752, (978) 562-4474 Another type is volumetric holographic grating which is progressing in parallel. Waveguide size: up to 350 mm square. There are many more companies working on the individual volumetric grating design and fabrication though. Holographix is an industry leader in high quality custom replicated optics and optical assemblies. In some cases, the DOE is non-periodic over the whole element. "We are currently expanding our production facilities to support the unprecedented demand for our MicroLED displays and projectors. Holographix differentiates itself from the competition by offering: Holographix ability to produce custom diffractive waveguides is unrivaled due to our unique ability to create customized grating profiles and reproduce them with high fidelity. In some embodiments, the height of the microstructure throughout the DOE is approximately constant. This resin material needs to have high transparency within the visible wavelength range, and usually the same refractive index as the glass substrate used. Holographix has successfully completed numerous complex diffractive waveguide projects for our customers over 10 years. o, LO o The use of structures with a continuous optical response furthermore adds system. The invention also relates to a diffractive waveguide display comprising such waveguide. Holographix build-to-specification philosophy allows each of our customers to leverage our waveguide fabrication expertise for their specific application. The intermediate DOE is adapted to change the distribution of propagating light power between the layers, according to its local diffractive optical response. The range of custom diffractive waveguide specifications that we can support include: Learn more about our diffractive waveguide manufacturing capabilities. Alternatively a coupling element may be used to couple light into the waveguide, such as a grating coupler or prism coupler. Due to the utilization of on-chip compact diffractive cells (slab waveguides), both the footprint and power consumption of the proposed architecture is reduced from quadratic scaling in the. Utilizing the large flexibility of diffractive optics compared with geometric optics, why dont we expand the pupil in the vertical (i.e. These. Rokid specializes in #AR, #AI and Robotics. Waveguide Basics Waveguides are not a new technology, per se. They use laser illumination of an LCOS display on the far right example above, what DigiLens calls a Waveguide Integrated Laser Display (WILD). By . According to one aspect, there is provided an optical waveguide comprising a waveguide body capable of guiding light in a waveguide plane in two dimensions, and a diffractive optical element provided on a surface or within the waveguide body, the diffractive optical element extending in said two dimensions and each location of the diffractive optical element having a diffractive optical response for light directed thereto. Global Diffractive Waveguide Market report provides an in-depth analysis of the overall market over a period from 2020-2025. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a waveguide having a DOE with continuous diffractive optical response and three-dimensional graph of an exemplary response. The light splitting nature of diffraction grating is shown in two aspects. The Author: Kun (Linda) Li got her PhD degree from Electrical Engineering at University of California Berkeley, and currently works at Rokid as a senior research scientist and project manager. The company's patented DPX waveguides bring unmatched image quality, performance and visual fidelity combined with mass manufacturability to scale for even the largest vendors. The term "intermediate DOE" is referred to as a DOE that is not intended to out-couple light directly therefrom, but to change the propagation path of light rays from one layer to another. This will cause the color non-uniformity across the whole FOV, the so-called rainbow effect. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil, Head mounted characterised by optical features, Diffraction optics, i.e. In order to transport the virtual image from the optical engine to our eyes, there are couple-in and couple-out processes with the optical waveguide. Diffractive waveguide providing a retinal image . ACS Photon. The waveguide according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the diffractive optical element (22A) consists of a non-periodic or partially non-periodic microstructure defining the diffractive optical response thereof, the microstructure having local height variation of less than 10 %. The invention offers significant benefits. Espoo, Finland and Shanghai - Dispelix (Espoo) - a pioneer in the design and manufacturing of next-generation diffractive waveguides - announced it has been in a long-term partnership with respected AR light engine supplier Jade Bird Displays (JBD) to develop a family of new reference designs for Augmented Reality (AR) glasses and headsets across multiple price points. Developed through an intensive collaboration, the new designs combine JBD's family of cutting-edge MicroLED projectors with the Dispelix LED - an industry-leading pantoscopic waveguide with an advanced nanotech coating. They will work within a multidisciplinary team . Thus, the continuous variation of diffractive optical response is achieved by other properties of the microstructure than feature height. According to the difference in the periodic structures, the planar diffractive waveguide is divided into surface relief grating (SRG) waveguide and volume hologram grating (VHG) waveguide. The manufacturability and capability of mass production have already been demonstrated by the available products in the market from Microsoft, Vuzix, and Magic Leap. This means for the same grating period, different wavelengths will have different diffraction angle (m)In Figure 2, assuming the incident light now is white light including a range of visible wavelengths, then the longer wavelength will have larger diffraction angle, resulting in red color being bent more than green color than blue color. That is, the DOE is truly two- = dimensional. JBD & Dispelix have brought together their respective expertise in MicroLED displays, light engines and diffractive waveguide combiners - including at least one bleeding-edge model combining binocular waveguides and polychrome MicroLED projectors. In the neighborhood of the optical axis, the optimized lens structure is a close approximation of a gradient-thickness Fresnel lens. Waveguide are used in augmented reality glasses. Led by the world's most sought-after experts in optics, photonics and manufacturing, Dispelix is headquartered in the technology hub of Espoo, Finland with field offices throughout the United States, China and Taiwan. It can be used for monochrome smart eyeglasses development or it can be used in RGB waveguides with multiple input couplers for polychrome applications. Significant deviations from this shape appear when . The design barrier is higher than traditional optics, mainly due to the requirement of new simulation tools for physical optics to design the grating part, after which the geometric ray tracing simulation needs to be combined together. Xiao T, et al. Its mentioned in Part I of this article that geometric waveguide uses tranflective mirror array to realize one-dimensional exit pupil expansion (1D EPE). Waveguide structures with continuous optical response find uses in for example augmented reality (AR) applications, where an improvement of the characteristics of the system require the use of a multitude of different propagation directions for each FOV angle. Dispelix LED is a versatile platform allowing a number of possibilities in terms of possible FOVs and waveguide profiles but what strikes out most is the amazing image quality that can be observed through the waveguide with our polychrome projector. It does not involve the traditional molding, cutting and gluing processes in the geometric waveguide. The monochrome projector is only 0.35cc in volume, has a FOV of 30, weighs nominally 0.60 grams and is available in red, green and blue. However, diffraction grating also has its own issues and challenges, mainly from the nature of diffraction grating being very sensitive and selective to input angle and wavelength, which was explained in Figure 2. In this way AR glasses not only can fit viewers with larger range of interpupillary distance, but also can provide greater compatibility for viewers with various face shapes and nose height. Since the high-precision and high-throughput EBL and NIL equipment are very pricey, which need to be located inside cleanrooms, leaving it to be a very high-stake investment for smaller companies. No matter for SRG using the conventional semiconductor micro/nano-fabrication techniques, or VHG made by laser interfering holographic technique, the fabrication processes all take place on the deposited thin film on top of the glass waveguide substrate. With a fab established in Shanghai CHINA, JBD is considered as one of the leaders in microLED display technologies with its portfolio of active matrix microLED displays. Holographix works closely with our customers to assist them in the development of custom diffractive waveguide-based solutions from concept to production. Furthermore, the diffractive optical response of the diffractive optical element between said regions changes continuously in the waveguide plane. The monochrome projector is only 0.35cc in volume, has a FOV of 30, weighs nominally 0.60 grams and is available in red, green and blue. Ao a o In some embodiments, the diffractive optical element comprises regions with different = optical responses distributed in the waveguide plane. 2B, within at least some regions of the DOE, N herein denoted with numeral 22A, the diffractive optical response 28A is constant. The United States Diffractive Waveguide market is expected at value of US$ million in 2021 and grow at approximately % CAGR during review period. An example of such waveguide is shown in Fig. This has the drawback that boundary zones between two grating regions cause significant distortion to the light field, as the beam is split every time it hits such boundary zone, and light power is lost to stray angles. 9. Capabilities. Approximately constant height herein means that the local height variation of the microstructure is less than 10 %. 2A and 2B show side views of waveguides and two-dimensional response graphs of two different, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path, Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction, Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide, Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it, Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces, Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it, 2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces, Head-up displays characterised by optical features, Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility, Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view, Field-of-view increase by wavefront division, Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic, , , Optical waveguide and diffraction waveguide display, Optical Waveguide and Diffraction Waveguide Display, An optical grating and a method of fabricating an optical grating, Light diffractive binary lattice structure and security element with such a lattice structure, Light outcoupling structure for a lighting device, Display device and a method for illuminating a light modulator array of a display device, Diffractive optical element, laminated diffractive optical element and method of manufacturing the same, Grating-based optical fiber-to-waveguide interconnects, A wavelength conversion crystal, and a light source comprising the same, Improvements in or relating to optical waveguides, Efficient transmission line of surface plasmon, Diffractive optical elements with varying direction for depth modulation, Multibeam diffraction grating-based display with head tracking, Diffractive multibeam element-based backlighting, Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting, Waveguide exit pupil expander with improved intensity distribution, Unidirectional grating-based backlighting employing an angularly selective reflective layer, Wrapped waveguide with large field of view, Multibeam diffraction grating-based color backlighting, Surface relief grating in an optical waveguide having a reflecting surface and dielectric layer conforming to the surface, Diffractive grating with variable diffraction efficiency and method for displaying an image, Diffractive waveguide element and diffractive waveguide display, Grating-coupled light guide, display system, and method employing optical concentration, Angular sub-pixel rendering multi-view display using shifted multi-beam elements, How to use multi-view backlight, multi-view display and offset multi-beam elements, Backlight, multiview backlight, and method having global mode mixer, Multiview backlight, display, and method having a multibeam element within a light guide. For more information, visit JBD's website, Linkedin or Twitter pages. Best place to learn about AR& VR. There are 2 technologies: diffractive waveguides and reflective waveguides. Publication: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series First, a multi-region DOE without sharp interfaces between the regions allows for implementation of waveguides having complex optical behavior but without the drawback of beam fragmentation. FI, Kind code of ref document: The continuous changing of the diffractive optical response takes place between the regions with smooth transitions. Grating pitch: down to 200 nm. The concept of using three grating areas for two-dimensional exit pupil expansion (2D EPE) was proposed over ten years ago by Dr. Tapani Levola from then Nokia Research Lab, who contributed lots of valuable publications which mainly demonstrated with SRG. The results are verified by electromagnetic grating theory and applied to the construction of diffractive waveguide lenses with an improved overall efficiency. The response herein is the intensity of transmissive diffraction of the DOE into a specific angle (say, polar angle 10 degrees and azimuth angle 33 degrees) for light incoming at an incident polar angle of 35 degrees and azimuth angle of 20 degrees with a fixed light wavelength, as a function of the location in the plane 5 of the waveguide. 1. as a surface relief grating formed on a surface of a waveguide. The polychrome projector is only 1.3cc in volume, has a FOV of 30 & weighs nominally 2.3 grams. espoo, finland and shanghai, june 3, 2022 /prnewswire/ -- dispelix (espoo) - a pioneer in the design and manufacturing of next-generation diffractive waveguides - today announced it has been. The global Diffractive Waveguide market size will reach USD million in 2028, growing at a CAGR of % over the analysis period. The rise of this approach benefits from the technical Not all diffractive waveguides may be as inefficient as WaveOptics however; in our recent hands-on with DigiLens' latest (diffractive) waveguides, the company said they've reached 300 nits per . While the optical light rays wander like a snake inside the waveguide, every time it encounters the output grating on the glass surface part of the light will be diffracted out of the waveguide and released to our eyes. The improved diffraction structure includes an intermediate layer that resides between a waveguide substrate and a top grating surface. Typically diffractive beam splitters are used in combination with a focusing lens. Headwall Photonics, a leading manufacturer of master holographic gratings, spectrographs, and spectrometers for OEM customers, announced today the acquisition of Holographix LLC. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant, Diffraction optics, i.e. Founded in 2015, JBD has been focusing on developing the smallest, brightest, and most efficient micro-display panels. 1, in some embodiments, at each location of the diffractive optical element, the diffractive optical response is non-zero. Every Apple employee also has the opportunity to become an Apple . The waveguide according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the diffractive optical element (22A) consists of a microstructure defining the diffractive optical response thereof, the microstructure being free from graded height profiles taking the local height of the microstructure to zero or close to zero, or, alternatively, take the height to the height of a neighboring diffractive optical element contained by the waveguide element.

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