ethical knowledge synonym

expected to increasingly practice with moral/ethical comportment. Teleologic systems look toward the ends produced by a course of action as the measure that determines the actions goodness. In this article, we consider the instituting of effective and ethical knowledge management in the arena of public schooling, with reference to a multiple case study involving three schools in Emalahleni Circuit 1, 2 and 3 in South Africa. It is also the case that ethical principles, held historically, may eventually become law. It transcends culture, religion, and time. Clarifying values and exploring alternatives are the creative processes that begin to answer these questions. A religious affiliation associated with one community may provide a lens that justifies war; another affiliation may offer a lens that justifies pacifism. Joey. No problem. There are two branches of ethics: descriptive and prescriptive. ['pstmldi'] the philosophical theory of knowledge. . 'Dunderhead' and Other Nicer Ways to Say Stupid, 'Pride': The Word That Went From Vice to Strength. Antonyms for knowledge ignorance, illiteracy, illiterateness 3 a state of being aware my knowledge that I was watching a true story made the film more compelling Synonyms for knowledge advertence, advertency, attention, awareness, cognizance, consciousness, ear, eye, heed, mindfulness, note, notice, observance, observation Thesaurus for ethical from the Collins English Thesaurus. synonyms for ethical Compare Synonyms honest honorable humane principled proper virtuous clean conscientious correct decent elevated equitable fair fitting good high-principled just moralistic noble respectable right right-minded square straight true blue upright upstanding See also synonyms for: ethicality / ethically / ethicalness / unethical Thus ethical knowledge is concerned with knowledge of conduct based on a weighing of valueswhat conduct is to be valued, and why; and what isn't, and why. Others may not have even thought about certain details as being relevant, whereas still others in the group may offer reasons for omissions as well as for inclusions. Sometimes when the moral positions of physician and nurse collide, both positions are reasonable, and both parties to the moral positions hold strong beliefs about their correctness. It implies a move to reduce the moral distress that nurses face as they encounter and negotiate ethical and moral dilemmas. According to the quote from Stewart, you will eventually resolve this ethical dilemma by considering the principle do no harm as well as by involving your own reasoning. In this page you can discover 41 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for ethical, like: moral, right-minded, right, noble, proper, decent, rightful, humane, upright, honorable and ethics. Understand the difference between Ethics and Theory of knowledge. CAN PRIVACY COEXIST WITH TECHNOLOGY THAT READS AND CHANGES BRAIN ACTIVITY? applied science. Legal requirements may also create moral distress and ethical conflict. For example, if you have a strong moral disposition toward counseling an underage woman about her options for birth control but such information is prohibited by state statute, an appeal to ethical knowledge (e.g., a code of rights) will not get you off the hook in a court of law. In his thoughts on the ability to teach mathematics, the competent continuation of number series, the later Wittgenstein points out . to uphold in practice (Campbell, 2003). morally right thing and tells the truth, thereby causing great emotional distress to a client and that clients family (i.e., a bad outcome). In or into a satisfactory state or condition: The definition of noble is someone who has high morals and ideals or people who are royalty or who have good breeding. It includes voluntary actions that can be judged as deliberately right and wrong (Carper, 1978, p. 20). These questions engage the clarifying and exploring processes that we have described with the use of dialogue and justification. Definitions for Ethical (adjective) conforming to a high standard of morality or virtue (adjective) following the accepted rules of moral conduct (adjective) guided by or in accordance with one's sense of right and wrong; 12. Out of these creative processes, formal expressions of ethical knowledge are created and recreated, and the integrated expression of ethical knowledge in practice as moral/ethical comportment is promoted. It is important to question who defines what is virtuous and who benefits from the particular way in which the word virtuous is defined. n. ethical norms. Morally good or correct just good principled upright honest righteous decent moral virtuous upstanding irreproachable blameless clean guiltless honourable UK noble respectable right scrupulous unimpeachable elevated exemplary honorable US incorruptible law-abiding lawful unbribable fair fitting lofty meritorious praiseworthy reputable trustworthy According to Levine (1989), all nursing actions are moral statements. Several courses of action might be appropriate, including posting the Patients Bill of Rights in a public space as a reminder of its meaning or approaching the social worker and the aide and bringing to their attention the inappropriateness of their behavior in reference to privacy protections. However, when you are exploring alternatives, you are concerned not only with factual evidence but also with the preferences and beliefs of those who are involved in the situation. Acting in violation of such principles; unfair in one's dealings and actions: Not in keeping with conventional mores; indecorous: Resulting from or marked by a lack of honesty. A staff nurse states that he has talked with the grandmother during a recent visit. Suffering implies harm is being done to someone; another ethical/moral . When placing details of an ethical situation within a decision tree, it is important to notice which details require deliberation before making a choice and which can go unquestioned. Nursings morality is, in large measure, an everyday ontology. From his perspective, modernity tends to define ethics as ethical expertise, as knowledge of rules. 54. Similar processes can be used for exploring alternatives with the use of completed decision trees. As you or others inquire about how right and responsible your decisions are within your particular context, different perspectives on ethical decision making will become apparent. What values support nursings ethics and morality? Our model incorporates a focus on virtues through the pattern of personal knowing, which grants the individual nurse the responsibility of examining what is virtuous. In these instances, there may be no clear answers about how to proceed, and it becomes important to identify the political processes that are operating. In practice, further questioning occurs, and the stage is set for reinitiating the ongoing creative processes of clarifying values and exploring alternatives. No problem. If the clients welfare is the concern for both parties, then the nurse and the physician should be successful in engaging in dialogue that questions how right and responsible any decision is. You know that, in this instance, genetic testing would confirm or negate their carrier status and that, should they be found to be carriers, the fetus can be assessed prenatally to see if he or she has inherited the genetic mutation from each parent. Experts within this field study the behavior of people especially in terms of moral principles. Yes! Today, many organizations have developed their ethical frameworks to include ethical knowledge, skills, and practices. Quiz Review. Simply stated, as you consider whether your moral/ethical behavior (as guided by disciplinary ethical knowledge) is right and responsible, you clarify the values that come into play as the situation unfolds, particularly those that create a dilemma. Under the extreme relativist view, incorporating any idea of moral and ethical comportment into a knowledge development model becomes something of a nonissue; this is because moral and ethical comportment would be relative to every possible ethical situation, and thus standards for behavior could not be generalized to all nurses. Ideally, whatever constitutes moral behavior in nursing (elusive though that may be) needs to be in place, understood, and grounded in ethical knowledge that supports and justifies yet challenges that morality. It also might be understood as self-deceit, because thoroughly learning about a theorists work is short-circuited by simply reading a paper rather than composing it. Our view of ethics is in concert with Carpers original conceptualization of the ethical pattern, which included dimensions of both morality and ethics intersecting with legally prescribed duties. The. Although internal logic is important for coherence, it is an insufficient standard for establishing the value of ethical knowledge in nursing. In addition, as participants individually complete decision trees, details that are important to consider within various elements required by the tree (e.g., the consequences of an action) will not be self-evident. This question is central in moral epistemology and marks a cluster of problems. Our system for knowledge development includes aspects of both teleologic and deontologic perspectives. Journaling about your values helps you to make values explicit and to clarify what the values are, and it also provides a forum for examining how and why values change. The social worker was helping the attendant understand the nature of a residents dementia while visitors and other residents walked by. The physician states that, in the past, she had given the same information to the patient, who had not acted on the information and subsequently became extremely anxious about making treatment choices. Although the knowledge forms include principles and codes, they are not taken to be infallible or to be adhered to at all costs. explain and analyse the content and nature of ethical decision making using elements of Kohlberg's framework as appropriate. In this text, our focus is on prescriptive ethics, but it is important to recognize the value of descriptive ethics for examining the nature of ethical knowledge in nursing. Sociological: The best explanation of the depth of moral disagreements and the social diversity that they reflect is one of two things. For example, the value of caring might be cited as an important historical factor that can be used to justify caring in nursing; in other words, caring as a historically embedded duty justifies caring as a contemporary value. had the noblest of reasons for seeking office. Some focus on the cultivation of virtuous behavior seems important to ethical knowledge and knowing. While the synonyms virtuous and ethical are close in meaning, virtuous implies moral excellence in character. Knowing how to act ethically is often not so clear cut. Toward what clinical ends should ethical theories reason and ethical principles move us? Virtue ethics allows for flexibility when approaching moral/ethical situations that deontologic and teleologic systems alone do not offer. January 20, 2016. Because the resident who is demented was identified by name in the conversation, this activity clearly constitutes a breach of confidentiality as guaranteed in the Patients Bill of Rights. In this way, these processes have potential to improve the moral/ethical correctness or rightness of a decision. The intern, from talking with the grandmother, believes that generally she manages to care for the child properly, and certainly she intends to be a good caregiver to help her daughter out. In these instances, you have the choice to break the law, engage in deliberate civil disobedience to make a political statement, or work within professional organizations and local political circles to change oppressive laws. Virtue ethics introduces the character of the person as an important determiner of moral/ethical decision making. Kantian ethics is a deontological approach. This occurs when we question whether caring is an ethic that will help us to achieve professional autonomy and identity. Ethics is firmly connected to virtues of responsibility, trust and credibility. abnormality; idiocy; mental deficiency; mental retardation; retardation; slowness; Ethical decision trees are particularly useful when there is enough time to effectively think about and spell out the requisite details within the elements of the tree before a decision is made. An example is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which passed into law directives that protect the privacy of personal health information (. Ethics, then, is more like head work, the products of which are things such as ethical principles, theories, rules, codes, and laws; lists of obligations or duties; and descriptions of moral and ethical behavior. be reduced to the application of rules or calculations of good, then character would be irrelevant. Individuals or groups who engage in values-clarification processes need an environment that allows for the freedom of value choices and for the affirmation of the values clarified. However, there are a host of alternative actions that can be taken, even when all of the facts remain constant. Working in an emergency room gives rise to ethical dilemmas. However, the mother attributes them to the caregiver, who, you subsequently learn, is the childs grandmother. In teleology, what is right produces good. Learn a new word every day. By contrast, autonomy in decision making was a central feature of Kohlbergs theory. In this instance, the understanding that would arise from your conversation with the physician provides you with a perspective about the right thing to do that you can draw on in the future. These approaches to ethics have been important for nursing as it attempts to create an ethical perspective on practice. Whereas a feminine ethic is associated with the uncritical acceptance of stereotypical female caring as a template for judging moral behavior, a feminist ethic is associated with critically understanding the sociopolitical contexts that have gendered caring as feminine and why and how this is problematic in relation to changing the situation of nurses within the health care system. We see ethics and morality as being enmeshed, and we use both terms together in this chapter and elsewhere in this book. (5.2) Regardless of one's definition of rational intuition, intuitionists all agree that rational intuitions are not justified by inference from a separate belief. Because our model combines aspects of each of these positions, these are central questions that require thoughtful consideration. When people consistently behave in concert with their values, moral integrity is shown. Learn more. Each persons personal beliefs and values regarding death, life, and life after death influence how he or she approaches the situation. Kohlbergs theory supported a morality in which actors could remain detached from the situation and appeal to rules or calculations of good as a guide to action. Embracing a feminine ethic of caring means promoting as ethical the enactment of the virtues associated with caring: altruism, acceptance, loving unconditionally, and a host of other stereotypical feminine traits. Within some systems of ethical reasoning, the intent of the participants is important to ethical decision-making. Accordingly, prospective teachers' opinions regarding the ethical teacher and the unethical teacher were investigated through metaphors. Notice that, in this example, the need for ethical directives around purchasing papers on the Internet would not have been necessary or even seen as a possibility 50 years ago. For example, suppose you feel justified in providing information to a patient who asked you about alternative health care practices when you know that the primary physician is not willing to supply any information about their use. proper conduct. Ethical knowledge can best capture the essence of teaching professionalism as it enables the teachers to appreciate the complexities of their moral agency (Campbell, 2008). Various approaches for values clarification generally follow some basic general guidelines. The staff nurse believes that it is possible that the grandmother bruises the child inadvertently by bumping her against the wheelchair or other household items as she provides care. Ethics, also called moral philosophy, isalong with aestheticspart of axiology, the study of values. In the Patients Bill of Rights, another ethical directive states that patients must take more responsibility for maintaining good health. Both deontologic and teleologic systems focus on the individual as a decision maker who is autonomous in action. It is practical in that it pertains to doing, activity. We have chosen principles and codes as generic forms of ethical knowledge because they are attainable and common forms of ethical knowledge in nursing. For us, the merit of ethical knowledge will be judged on the basis of the extent to which ethical codes and principles contribute to our collective ability to thoughtfully reflect and act in such a way that what we think and know is fully consistent with what we do. Morality refers to our day-to-day living expressions of what we believe to be good, beliefs that are firmly embedded in our character. Although this type of caring may seem a perfectly good thing to do and to exemplify a very good way to be, such feminine virtues associated with caring may preclude nurses from understanding how this type of caring benefits the health care industry to the detriment of nurses salaries, working conditions, and social value. This portion of the ethical theory does curious service in Kant's doctrine of religion. Values provide a lens that brings into focus certain aspects of a moral problem while at the same time distancing or blurring others. In this paper, I explore some constructivist and expressivist options for responding to this objection. As an example of how care and justice might emerge with the use of the processes of dialogue and justification, suppose that you and your peers are examining a situation beginning with a deontologic perspective that provides a rule for ethical action. Historically, changes in ethical and moral traditions have been made because people were willing to risk their lives and their personal freedom and security to ensure a broad base of human rights for others. Through this process, both the physician and the nurse (and the client, when feasible) can come to more fully understand the nature of the decision to be made and its potential outcomes. In our model for knowledge development, ethical knowledge is generated with the following critical questions asked of ethical knowledge and moral behavior: Is this right? and Is this responsible? As you work as a nurse, this type of questioning is in the background whether you realize it or not. Conversely, here is an example where behavior is used to judge the adequacy of ethical knowledge. The terms Ethics and Theory of knowledge might have synonymous (similar) meaning. Approaches can involve the use of real or contrived dilemmas, group or individual work, self-analyses, interviews, or any number of other methods that free individuals to examine and embrace their values. For example, consider the ethical directive do no harm, which is a commonly understood ethical principle. humane conduct. While normative ethics addresses such . Deontologic systems suggest that the rules and the makers of rules are in charge of ethical decision making, whereas teleologic systems assign decision-making authority to persons who make reasoned judgments about what constitutes the greatest good. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Without such questioning, you would be unable to make day-to-day moral/ethical moves. Antisthenes was a pupil of Socrates, from whom he imbibed the fundamental ethical precept that virtue, not pleasure, is the end of existence.

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