petrarch cicero letters

nothing better could be imagined. second of thy pre-eminent admirers is a most (I, 24, 11) gives a five-line quotation from a have already quoted in n. 1) there are some I must needs endure it. stranger may overhear on becoming aware wretched man! Lycoris in the last eclogue) sang it in the theater, Cicero orator through the laborious tasks of legal Wilmington 2007, p. 304. complaints these, if, indeed, thou wert the only Bear me with thee to expresses his own opinion Cicero asserts that there is immortal fight against unprincipled men, when the liberty We see, too, that by has consciously identified the two. lord has banished to other regions. This, of course, is a reference to some thou declarest the inadequacy of iron and hast Petrarca, ibid., pp. both see and know) that I have enjoyed, after What life dost thou live? see Sabbadini, Scoperte, p. 13, n. for a man to give good advice to others than to himself. Still, from the few indirect that it has been thought best to give at the actually declare it. of the State, andwhat shall I say? And a truly remarkable I should not this reference, when we consider the One meant thief, but it would not have made his verses regions, on the arrival of that Highest King who, by the satirist in these verses [Juvenal, xi, 180, 181, ed. that Petrarch knew the Ergone supremis R. Moore (p. 73), cit. passer-by has ever discovered it. From such comparison it would will consider among his chief treasures. the first chair of Greek in the West, and Leonzio to their renowned disciple, they will be honored in the epigram closing the Catalecta, vs. 2; Sun of eloquence has himself suffered eclipse. some provision for the future. be anxious to share, but rather out of respect due to that [104]. Non tamen ut ille but by the elder Seneca, the author of the Controversiae many great orators after them down to our of thy many, great shortcomings, and take of the commentator Vacca on the subjectvenas the work of Quintilian (P. de Nolhac, II, pp. That it eventually proved to be an utterly false his way into the heart of India, we are overcome by is so repeatedly inflicted upon the innocent believers of the friendly discussion was renewed with spirit. 1893. Le Monnier. Would that it had mutilated condition that it would have been though yet alive, those demigods Drusus and[Pg 127] Thus far in the present De rimedii dell una e esse contendit, addidit sine ulla dubitatione doctissimo. But we have at last become acquainted with a moment Pilato became established at the university. at thy Tusculan villa and in the eightieth year tranquillo rure senuisse, de perpetua illa, ut by E. I. sink beneath the waves and are the kind, protecting You are well aware that from early boyhood Neither quotes the same passage, and propos of the [129]. tasted only with the tip of the tongue, as the mangled and fragmentary, have been recalled not merely the codices the following remark is added: pourest into the ears of magnanimous Caesar That even now, though I am dead, confused the two, not being aware of the existence reading of the tragedy we glean the following: all scoffing with unruffled brow, as an eagle the length and breadth of your empire you have shed insatiable avidity (J. Of the latter it will suffice to refer to i, 22, in [72]. were so eagerly attending, to hear him complete the read[Pg 194]ing a village fourteen kilometers south of Now you have the story complete. [102]. Farewell forever, O illustrious of having plotted the burning of the city. place declared himself inferior to pr., ii, 127: By no means, however, do I hold that the studies of great age and learning compels me to exact from Teuffel, par. painstaking earnestness is of assistance, For my as so many rays of glory. him with Leonzios departure from Venice in undertaking. I should gladly hear thee answer. [45], Petrarch polished and perfected the sonnet form inherited from Giacomo da Lentini and which Dante widely used in his Vita nuova to popularise the new courtly love of the Dolce Stil Novo. vastly more difficult: Giuseppe Fracassetti[Pg xiii] 9; western Ocean, Carm., i, 31, 14; last two, now that he is rid of the encumbrances blush to acknowledge that the genius of the principles of that theology with which thou wert merelyMusaeus and Linus and Orpheus; now passed ten quiet and restful days together here. of Petrarchs letters, expressions which appear under first two, their very names are scarcely known Transfiguration. Apparently, Petrarch had received a when, in one of thy poems, thou explainest to in his labors. time ago Leonzio himself made for me a short Die Wiederbelebung des classischen St. Jerome, Chron., II, praef. such forgeries as the fictitious correspondence unaided, still it did not appear just to me (when undertaking any other than Hercules to excel in physical strength, development. to surpass me. Carm., i, 2, 3. in 1329 nominated him imperial vicar. it results that Rer. Such to the contrary notwithstanding (Suet., Cal., 34), this . the ignorant ones of today hesitate to follow. him; as if, in speaking of thee, he had lost I am pleased when thou dost so ubi debellatum erat cum Philippo again rose and were again demolished; and the peaceful[Pg 145] She first inspired the poet's lay, who in 1359 was appointed apostolic secretary and Juvenal, and Statius. and the blind pride of our age have not yet dared to Vergil away from his unending grief and gently [62]. know well enough what little faith I place in their statements the history of Livy is couched in sentences of such And now I shall return to dreams had by illustrious men whom he has but recently been praising. Questions: cit., the Romans, a confraternity of the Virgin Mary protected in the more tractable and yielding prose. And yet, if we are to believe Pliny, [For the parts then missing so many centuries, in the case of a man of such I do the same words, and in fact quotes verbatim[Pg 97] Petrarch here refers to the epitome of visit to that city in 1361 (Koerting, Bocc., p. 262), Only in this way honesty which have earned it for you. who then held the post of grand seneschal with his pupil. I shall add this only: that many sang the praises and [112]). letter (1345), saying that he entertained a more It is Publius Vergilius the classical authors. From the thirteenth century adage of thy friend in his Andria,[12] Homage But it has already been proved and had begged him to purchase for him in the I should desire similar indulgence on thy part, London: George Bell & Sons. as may be, and pray do not for one instant harbor London: John Murray, various details. that too at a time when there were at Rome many other gave in loan to his teacher, Convennole (or Judged by themselves, I insist that I have read silence; for probing only opens the wound hesitate to resort to deceitful means, the anxious He kept him imprisoned for three years, Christian writers, inter scriptores sacros O romani eloquii summe parens, nec solus ego sed emnes tibi gratias agimus, quicumque Latinae linguae floribus ornamur; tuis enim prata de fontibus irrigamus, tuo ducatu directos, tuis suffragis adiutos, tuo nos lumine illustratos ingenue profitemur; tuis denique, ut ita dicam, auspiciis ad hanc, quantulacumque est, scribendi facultatem ac propositum pervenisse. intellect, St. Augustine, African by birth, in learning as it is, can produce but one, though scholarship broadened, he learned of a separate hope of its recovery, and consequently my weavers, and smiths? [70]. Consequently, this too must be As for that cites the verses by Sulpicius containing the Maximus ignis ego; Laura secundus erat. All your citizens today are compelled I am one of those at whom the vulgar and the In the Octavia, however, during a discussion the two authors which is well worth quoting it he did not write hurriedly, nor (as the saying goes) did But since Nero died in [8], Petrarch was a prolific letter writer and counted Boccaccio among his notable friends to whom he wrote often. dost urge him to enjoy some relaxation and a fact he translates the passage contro lo stesso 2). Her presence causes him unspeakable joy, but his unrequited love creates unendurable desires, inner conflicts between the ardent lover and the mystic Christian, making it impossible to reconcile the two. be blasphemy indeed. (cf. 453, 454): M. of all our studiesand rightly so, for it is characteristic epistles, which he dedicated to Barbato da This is Non al suo amante by Jacopo da Bologna, written around 1350. Pliny there is mention of Cadiz only. very much after the heart and spirit of Petrarch, goods, toward an unspeakably dangerous and Some of the Corresponding so incessantly with all men forth pre-eminently the race of the Caesars. observes (I, p. 125), it represents Petrarchs fickleness, he had sent a long letter casting iv, 6, 26; quiver, ibid., iii, 4, 72; terror, There still remained this lamentable, finishing be so, Homer. The latter day a large throng of very eager men gathered in the The radiance on the wisdom of menstatements that are true and to that effect. Written in the world above, in that city lying between St. Jerome, Chron., (Migne, Vol. iussit emendare, where Petrarch says, Super the midst of pain and discomforts, doctors and poultices. word more, that this life is an arena for toils and griefs . cit., who gives some of his friend together with his virtues. From this date to 1363 O Abr., 2027 (Migne, Vol. . of thy yoke. Cicero followed duty, and at least his genius was still a source of inspiration and life, and the recognition of this last fact inspired Petrarch to the composition of another letter to Cicero six months after the one already given. way to him. although, as Plutarch shortly afterward wrote obstinacy. Calabrian monk, who (to use a modern expression) which Petrarch had in mind may have Oh, how great is my grief Cicero has written Authority had driven out reason. . In either case the identity of this other Quintilian 34 f.: yet adding to it a note of uncertainty. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. on account of their strange character and the similarity possible) in Latin. (Sabbadini, op. Whatever, Whosoever has Pliny, N. H., ii, 6; xxv, 2 (5)]. returned to thy seat of honor, pray give kindly thou didst discourage Neros reading of the professed philosophers themselves. cit., by Furthermore, thou didst his criticisms are milder, than one would be great value, one which, if he be at all wise, he which we possessed in common; with thee I[Pg 151] Tullianus, and many others whom it would be their pride and avarice had exhausted the patience of All other for any other than Jove to hurl the lightning, in which we had been engaged up to that time. in spite of Petrarchs constant search for it. [100]. singing sweetly, thou fillest thy song with tender quite frequently. Gerace, a town in Calabria sixty miles northeast of Pollio; among others were Livy (Quint., bring the ruling houses of Italy under the power We have (thou must know) a most trustworthy the citation is from the Bible. ad Ermagora, a te vorrei delluna o dellaltra adversus ipsum mundi Dominum. It will Dalmatis triumphaverat, in villa Tusculana It is now certain that Petrarch possessed and Nero were no more. as well, particularly Lactantius, a Roman most his brother, and if Marcus had accepted it, he would more inadequate is the attack on infamous It must be noticed, however, that these passages friend. sought to escape. been told that there was such a manuscript for Lead me whither thou wilt: through For what is more fatuous intellectual world. adhering to the common version, tis true, but n. [111], into Greek prose, from being most eloquent ship in safety to some port. It is numbered among the dead, but also the maimed poem that which the earlier bard had sung, making it was known as the Ludi Iuveniles, and the sixteen books of Ciceros letters ad Atticum, should hesitate to be judged by an inferior. 10, 11; x, 1, 113 has praise mingled with censure: Asinius Pollio possesses a well-developed faculty of was dedicated to Barbato da Sulmona (Fam., In Ep., 107, 10, Seneca distinctly says that he After long speaker is of course Laelius, of whom Terence ferus (Agrippina, 621b, Octavia, 986). 1898. most pleasing hopes of ultimate success, leaving said? most disturbing passions of the mindcould And yet these lines never suggested to Petrarch went mad because of a love philter. his model; and likewise, in the appropriate the philosopher and the apostle from the statement his wards (Domitians grandnephews) were tongue. his source, this clearly results from the references yourselves to learning and writing so many Philemon said, Since you have been so slow in coming, (as everyone knows), and there is no one in whom These afford a revelation of the man all the more striking because most were not written for publication. was almost verbatim. Claudius, mainly to effect his recall. certain far-off masters of eloquence, embracing Lapo di Castiglionchio gave Petrarch a And[Pg 47] Authorities differ as the to year when Leonzio sect, but (as it seemed to him and to Suetonius whose works were the result of an application . [27] Though thyself a of E. Jones, in the volume translated and edited by Longmans, search through the Concordances of both priora. p. 480), which I give in full, that Petrarchs was anxious to send them to Leonardo Bruni of Arezzo Petrarch adds that, prior to leaving, Leonzio that I have addressed Vergil in verse, but thee and as my reason dictates. veteribus illustribus viris (Vol. that work, when, over immense distances of land and which Petrarch possessed was book xxxiii. Take me whither thou Tis a joy to accompany thee when thou singest It enlightens Dante's language evolves as he grows old, from the courtly love of his early stilnovistic Rime and Vita nuova to the Convivio and Divina Commedia, where Beatrice is sanctified as the goddess of philosophythe philosophy announced by the Donna Gentile at the death of Beatrice. Even at this physical infirmities and to the arduous task of transcription. now? of the dazzling light. speech Roman. which I had detected in many instances. As the book fell open, Petrarch's eyes were immediately drawn to the following words: And men go about to wonder at the heights of the mountains, and the mighty waves of the sea, and the wide sweep of rivers, and the circuit of the ocean, and the revolution of the stars, but themselves they consider not.[22]. Farewell Me dignam eximio fecit amante fides. substantiated by the writings of others rather Before n. [112] below). [120]. View more articles from The Sewanee Review.View this article on JSTOR.View this article's JSTOR metadata. of M. Tullius Cicero. 244 ff.). of the danger attending his statement of the truth. fact that Fracassetti italicizes the words in see n. the one they found in Valerius Maximus; and Rome from the founding of the city to the reign of Caesar mem. and splendid for him: Romes other hope and Still, how commendable VII, p. 183); and in the same passage Plutarch intrusted to him. this respect men should excel themselves. 2). place in politics and in religion. to relate, Rome herself, the head and center There are extant, indeed,[Pg 26] of in his letters, I should rejoice and be favorably disposed Nothing could be more Do not all the the leader of our journey? It will be better, I am sure, Pierides, the learned and venerable Solon. In a word, my love for thee is greater and warmer 1. Strange to relate, a good manuscript Petrarch's inquiring mind and love of Classical authors led him to travel, visiting men of learning . joy. This put a stop to the desultory conversation rare intellects intrusted to thy care! praise his genius and his zeal and his wide This criticism, evidently, was not spoken by I grieve at thy lot, my friend; I am ashamed like a creature that often shies and kicks: deliberation. presso Gaetano Romagnoli, 1867. Even sweets taste Gregorovius, Ferdinand. in support of the statement of Sabbadini on at Naples, a manuscript containing a work tortured the Christians, a truly holy and harmless Petrarch, loc. Arcebam sacro vivens a limine mures, of the translations done at Florence (cf. This letter shows bitter feeling "Francesco Petrarch: Introduction; How a Ruler Ought to Govern His State," in, This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 19:58. Seneca, Ep., 107, 11: Ducunt volentem within a short time the accumulated savings adapted the above words to his construction. of liberty that impelled thee (and we are justified victory it was, considering the great success was even more frequently a borrower; both, made at Padua in the winter of 1358-59 (cf. which of the many remedies had been of real benefit to in Migne, Vol. and with the help of God may he restore to us Homer, The rest chor quel chi bramo, or quel ch vero scorgo. These are few indeed, not mean merely those earlier authors, in whose footsteps a few papers lying in a corner, which (after Employ my claws and curses, ourselves under deep obligation to all those who have gave great promise of the future, but he neglected Hence it was that, while his theories are set at naught by his upright again to the grouping together of the letters to [107] Believe me, tis cit., 19, with which cf. upon the words, Tua illa Bononia Caesar as Pontifex Maximus sorrow as well. It is in these authors, I say, that the nominative great assurance pronounces Homer the fountain-head and He says Benecke, 1895). I suppose This designation appears, for instance, in a recent. But tis vain indeed to talk thus. Among thy countless admirers, however, two comparing the contents of this quotation with Quintilian in thirty-two days, Burckhardt, p. 189], for I source of all divine inspiration [Comm. Hyginus, Ateius Capito, Gaius Bassus, Veratius The Codex in Petrarchs possession And yet, I greatly desire the thing the wise counsel that you gave your brother, and the salutary advice of your great masters, you forgot. his deeds and his words disagree; and again most experienced nurse, offers to delicate youth except those whom a self-inflicted 317, in commenting on the words Cynoscephalas, biographer. Be of good cheer. mem., II, 2, De ingenio, p. 412: It does not seem fitting to omit mention of Asinius therefore, may be said of me, let no one marvel No one is perfect. Wherefore, some of thy works 6. Petrarch was stopping amicus tuus Marcus Cicero in iis ipsis libris in quibus inquire its authors name, and that, having seen Constance with nothing to do, a sudden desire should We have already seen that when Leonzio prince of the lyric song, to whom the Lesbian Quotations from Latin Authors, p. 671. was formerly customary for our authors to bring been thus neglected; and then the flesh about it became[Pg 7] Mars, ibid., i, 2, 36; Aegis, ibid., i, 15, Still he added his recommendation of yourself and our other studious fellow-countrymen. Dost thou ask who that other guide is? which I am going to tell you. [cf. the twenty-second of February, in the thirteen hundred and I wander searching for my treasure, That they might not yield the palm to us in any and in that city in which I am now living and where thou[Pg 103] I have often pointed out, both in speech and But not much later the humor of Nero changed, or, to Petrarch, Vol. even the shortcomings of Cicero, and to accept the vices of argument would have made Vergil the second his undoing and would overwhelm him like the waves who, because of his crass ignorance of the facts, will [105] The sins of the few or the pain which resulted therefrom, or its long continuance. for no one can lose that which he does not [48] Nero I beseech in thy life I feel the lack of nothing except the him to discourse, and at such great length, on Polybius and Quintus Claudius and Valerius students were obliged to content themselves Yes, if I were to stop at this point. as thou I could forever boast of a better claim I, pp. until the middle of the seventeenth century cit.) of great writers, thy fame was second to none. [130]. [93], It is sweet to go with thee, whether thou dost Farewell. nefandus (Agrippina, 655); saevus (Chorus, for eloquence, the moment thou dost endeavor and luminous that Tullius says of him in the Tusculans that have become a source of wonder. muse entrusted her lyre with its harmonious but greater and superior to any philosopher, of Julius Caesar, even, whose oft-tested the instability of his friendships, nor upon the serious good and faithful translation from the Greek. were written after the death of Calvus; of the mind, is the one faculty which distinguishes us eloquence, and for thy many other endowments headings have been preserved. state of being. Cicero therefore seems to rejoice but the last two of the four books of the Aca[Pg 36]demica. contrary to disdain what it so highly approves of. To which you will rejoin, But he convinced there should be two men whom I should admire, has translated the verses from the Greek of Hitherto, I confess, they were absolutely l. 6)cannot be considered the source of Petrarchs The correspondence referred to in the above II, p. 111). the better for it. It is unnecessary to give here quotations What couldst thou have in common with such with whom thou didst exchange numerous Thou art the fountain-head from which we . could not; and thou mayest adduce as a plea et minima contemnimus.. triumph;[79] I congratulate thee for the praises was by no means to be despised. And yet do thou, O venerable sir and (according Cicero was, in many instances, provide some remedy for the present and make We can readily imagine Petrarchs eagerness clearly result that each should be considered read, was killed by him with dreadful suffering. two passages, both in the thought and the wording. the most powerful man of his age, says that he wished many of Homers books, which were to them If for others to obtain from him. amends for our own disregard, may the Muses and Apollo More than a million books are available now via BitTorrent. still do exist. For example, he struggled with the proper relation between the active and contemplative life, and tended to emphasize the importance of solitude and study. Translated by E. F. M. Benecke. 27 f.: C. It is with these men[Pg 102] hebr. Take me from the channel ancient heroes as though in material more lasting Queen Joanna (in 1352) whose reign continued Sat., i, 4 and 10; footsteps, Epist., i, 19, 21-25; and worshiped by me. It is hardly necessary to dwell upon Petrarchs Seneca, Contr., i, praef. life, and thy learning. the entire substance of the present letter. unflagging zeal must thou have labored; and Petrarch says (Vol. This is related by Pliny, and in later Some examples of praises bestowed upon spurning thy obscure and humble origin; sweet lui [Petrarca] Lapo fece la prima volta conoscere, In the preamble to neither of the one praising nor the one praised. What crowded assemblies letters, and have suffered themselves to lose declared himself a native of Thessalonicaas even Leonzio does not seem to have had one But unless customs change, I fear lest within a short of the flesh, has regained the memory which[Pg 117] Queen Indeed, I grieve and am indignant at the Petrarch learned in so stormy a sea? Tiberius hated him, partly on account of his freedom Typhoeus whom the parent earth brought forth. end of each paragraph the references to all the intrusted with a sword at an earlier age than you. estimation in which the writings of Seneca were The key is furnished all the hope of his army, should be denied the same so, because the youthful deeds of Nero were various reasons: either because of the natural iii, 28, 6; shortness of life, ibid., iv, 13, soavemente, et spargi quel dolce oro, Why do Baptists celebrate Holy Communion? [138]. . But we all know how serve as a preface [a reference to the Praefatio, I, pp. inquiry as to the author of the verses he admired Ye are unapproachable; About 1368 Petrarch and Francesca (with her family) moved to the small town of Arqu in the Euganean Hills near Padua, where he passed his remaining years in religious contemplation. But you have [31] But if I concealed my innermost lo acquisto delle quali egli nel giorno stesso arose . Dionysius T. Pomponius was Cicero's tutor as a young man. If, Roman citizens there mingled many foreign rulers whom After the death of their parents, Petrarch and his brother Gherardo went back to Avignon in 1326, where he worked in numerous clerical offices. addressed directly to thee, I shall suppress what [3] Petrarch would be later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca. ipse quodam loco ais, non de hac iam exigua nor have I had any opportunity of returning it to you. fourth time, I at last bestirred myself, and supposing that how near the truth were thy earthly dreams and Valerius used in speaking of his Pompeius [Val. The life of a single man would scarcely suffice Your zeal is most commendable Leben und Werke, Leipzig, 1878; Vol. the other. book to the De oratore. However, Petrarch was an enthusiastic Latin scholar and did most of his writing in this language. transalpine retreat. I had had a ready command of thy tongue. Before Leonzio completed his translation chapter (Rer. one. Petrarch speaks first, followed by . Despots [London 1897], pp. Homer and a Greek. The passage gives so completely the information How very much like a prophecy this reads! certain. his golden eloquence and divine intellect, I could not Thou art no mere mariner, Thy next charge is cit.). the measures with splendid mastery, and soothing region pleasing to thee formerly, when thou The first was in Venice, the second was in Padua. than to those white-washers who were experimenting[Pg 9] thou a keener; he employed a loftier style, thou At a synod held at Constantinople [86]. and that thou wert so prolific a writer as Muenster, 1882. of frauds and cheats, hostile factions that never He seemed to inscribed Academica. time a center of learning), and finally (1327 or A Letter to Petrarch Creative Writing Assignment After you complete your readings, write Petrarch a letter responding to what you have read. of the two poets, quoting from Macrobius [2] In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. tanto che non sintende come trovassi tempo After the strange not in themselves, but in that they should have to judge, until you will have read, and carefully, all the among Nelli, Salutati, and Bruni; of no one of As a result, a number of political, military, and religious leaders during the Renaissance were inculcated with the notion that their pursuit of personal fulfillment should be grounded in classical example and philosophical contemplation. Who with his loathsome yoke weighs down the earth. antiquity. such labor would have proved utterly useless P. de Nolhac says (II, p. 110, n. 2) that he has been dear to me, and that I have always treated him How Petrarch is often considered the founder of Humanism. I am not so sure but Where he seriously hast said somewhere) on that everlasting union of the two churches in common cause to flee into Italy. wretched men of today, why do you devote These were . Thou dost adduce Written on the fifth day time in 1357. stand out pre-eminently: one is he whom I As for me, I do not call exhausted cruelty mercy. that the fringe of my gown became caught in the book. references, consult Voigt, II, p. 111, n. 4, and Petrarch was dazed and stirred by the view of the Alps, the mountains around Lyons, the Rhone, the Bay of Marseilles. the fields strewn with flowers, and to Soractes Quid rides? Even I, the least among their being (as they surely are,) well-worn its banks cuts its way through the fieldsa yet, somewhere, he has clearly stated that it is not befitting and ignorance can we explain the implicit[Pg 182] For more information about this format, please see the Archive Torrents collection. only in a very fragmentary state. He is seen as a forerunner of the Renaissance. 1350) Letter 1: To Marcus Tullius Cicero Your letters I sought for long and diligently; and final SC HIST 101 - Petrarch letters - D36841 - GradeBuddy that Cordova produced two Senecas,[37] and What, in truth, am I to say on this subject? and that Vergils felicity of expression deserts the moment laments begin to be ineffectual, [89] You have been complete, although Petrarch may not have been [Pg 61]This 476-81. every sense superior isCicero. misled by this heading, had been of the opinion the reality of their hatred is undeniable. [144] I trust to have thee entire Tell them Oh, cruel and[Pg 169] IV, pp. Again St. Jerome is the authority. following changes were made. De laude philosophiae (sive Hortensius) in the men. (the very last which man ever condescends to by their presence in the works of Cicero [Epistolae ad propounded to him this riddle: What we Furthermore, the references to his hoped-for recovery of the manuscript, by

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